在Django REST框架中发布带有字段的数据。

huangapple
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英文:

Post data with field in django REST framework

问题

I am designing my API using serializers.ModelSerializer and viewsets.ModelViewSet. I can post the foreignKey value using the id, but I want to post it using the name. Here is an example of what I mean:

我正在使用serializers.ModelSerializer和viewsets.ModelViewSet来设计我的API。我可以使用id来发布foreignKey值，但我想使用name来发布它。这是我所说的示例：

I can post on this:

我可以这样发布：

  1. curl --request POST \
  2.      --url http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/book/ \
  3.      --header 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' \
  4.      --form author=1 \
  5.      --form name=MY_BOOK

but I want do this:

但我想要这样做：

  1. curl --request POST \
  2.      --url http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/book/ \
  3.      --header 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' \
  4.      --form author=AUTHOR_NAME \
  5.      --form name=MY_BOOK

I have tried to use to_internal_value, and it works, but I want to know if there is a better plan:

我尝试使用to_internal_value，它有效，但我想知道是否有更好的方案：

  1. def to_internal_value(self, data):
  2.         data = data.copy()
  3.         data['author'] = get_object_or_404(Author, name=data['author']).id
  4.         return super().to_internal_value(data)

Here in my code:

这是我的代码中的部分：

  1. class Author(models.Model):
  2.     name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
  4.     def __str__(self):
  5.         return self.name
  8. class Book(models.Model):
  9.     author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  10.     name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
  12.     def __str__(self):
  13.         return self.name
  15. class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  17.     class Meta:
  18.         model = Author
  19.         fields = '__all__'
  21. class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  23.     class Meta:
  24.         model = Book
  25.         fields = '__all__'
  27.     def to_internal_value(self, data):
  28.         data = data.copy()
  29.         data['author'] = get_object_or_404(Author, name=data['author']).id
  30.         return super().to_internal_value(data)

Any help or explanation is welcome! Thank you.

欢迎提供任何帮助或解释！谢谢。

英文:

I am designing my API using serializers.ModelSerializer and viewsets.ModelViewSet. I can post the foreignKey value using the id, but I want to post it using the name. Here is an example of what I mean:

I can post on this:

  1. curl --request POST \
  2.      --url http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/book/ \
  3.      --header 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' \
  4.      --form author=1 \
  5.      --form name=MY_BOOK

but I want do this:

  1. curl --request POST \
  2.      --url http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/book/ \
  3.      --header 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' \
  4.      --form author=AUTHOR_NAME \
  5.      --form name=MY_BOOK

I have try use to_internal_value it's work, but I think it want to know is there a better plan：

  1. def to_internal_value(self, data):
  2.         data = data.copy()
  3.         data['author'] = get_object_or_404(Author, name=data['author']).id
  4.         return super().to_internal_value(data)

Here in my code:

  1. class Author(models.Model):
  2.     name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
  3.     
  4.     def __str__(self):
  5.         return self.name
  8. class Book(models.Model):
  9.     author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  10.     name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
  11.     
  12.     def __str__(self):
  13.         return self.name
  15. class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  17.     class Meta:
  18.         model = Author
  19.         fields = '__all__'
  21. class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  23.     class Meta:
  24.         model = Book
  25.     fields = '__all__'
  27.     def to_internal_value(self, data):
  28.         data = data.copy()
  29.         data['author'] = get_object_or_404(Author, name=data['author']).id
  30.         return super().to_internal_value(data)

Any help or explanation is welcome! Thank you.

答案1

得分: 2

你可以使用SlugRelatedField来实现这个。像这样定义BookSerializer：

  1. class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  2.     author = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field="name", queryset=Author.objects.all())
  4.     class Meta:
  5.         model = Book
  6.         fields = '__all__'
英文:

You can do this with SlugRelatedField. Define BookSerializer like this:

  1. class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  2.     author = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field="name", queryset=Author.objects.all())
  4.     class Meta:
  5.         model = Book
  6.         fields = '__all__'

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2023年5月10日 11:04:54
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/76214622.html
  • django
  • django-models
  • django-rest-framework
  • python
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