A = [(3, 4, 5, "s2", "s2"), (2, 4, 5, "s1", "s2"), (3, 4, 6, "s2", "s2"), (1, 4, 6, "s2", "s3"), (1, 3, 6, "s3", "s3")]
# Filter tuples where fourth and fifth elements are the same
same_forth_and_fifth = filter(x -> x[4] == x[5], A)
# Group them based on the fourth element
grouped_same = Dict{String, Vector{Tuple{Int, Int, Int, String, String}}}()
for tup in same_forth_and_fifth
    key = tup[4]
    if haskey(grouped_same, key)
        push!(grouped_same[key], tup)
    else
        grouped_same[key] = [tup]
    end
end
# Filter tuples where fourth and fifth elements are different
different_forth_and_fifth = filter(x -> x[4] != x[5], A)
# Group them based on the fourth element
grouped_different = Dict{String, Vector{Tuple{Int, Int, Int, String, String}}}()
for tup in different_forth_and_fifth
    key = tup[4]
    if haskey(grouped_different, key)
        push!(grouped_different[key], tup)
    else
        grouped_different[key] = [tup]
    end
end
# Print the results
println("This is for when fourth and fifth are the same:")
for (key, value) in grouped_same
    println("$key │ $value")
end
println("\nThis is for when fourth and fifth are different:")
for (key, value) in grouped_different
    println("$key │ $value")
end

可能的一种方式是：
```julia
foldl((r,e)->(e[4]==e[5] && push!(r[e[4]],e); r),A ;
  init=Dict(k=>eltype(A)[] for k in 
    Base.Fix2(nth,4).(A) |> unique |> sort))

julia> A = [(3, 4, 5, "s2", "s2") , (2, 4, 5, "s1", "s2"), (3, 4, 6, "s2", "s2"),(1, 4, 6, "s2", "s3"),(1, 3, 6, "s3", "s3")];
julia> foldl((r,e)->(e[4]==e[5] && push!(r[e[4]],e); r),A ;init=Dict(k=>eltype(A)[] for k in Base.Fix2(nth,4).(A) |> unique |> sort))
Dict{String, Vector{Tuple{Int64, Int64, Int64, String, String}}} with 3 entries:
  "s1" => []
  "s2" => [(3, 4, 5, "s2", "s2"), (3, 4, 6, "s2", "s2")]
  "s3" => [(1, 3, 6, "s3", "s3")]