问题

我想删除第二列字符长度小于12的行。我认为awk可以实现这个目标：

awk -F , '$2=length>12' file > filout

但这个命令看起来有误

我想要删除的行是：

2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

42242,"France."
2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"brazil"
23432423,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."
234234,"Paris."

awk -F , '$2=length>12' file >filout

2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

答案1

得分: 3

$ awk -F, 'length($2)>=12' input_file
2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

$ awk -F, 'length($2)>=12' input_file
2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

答案2

得分: 1

由于您的第二个字段包含在双引号内，您必须使用双引号而不是逗号作为分隔符来确定第二个字段的长度：

使用双引号作为分隔符：

awk -F\" 'length($2)>=12' file

---

如果只打印第二个字段的长度，您会明白我的意思。首先使用逗号作为分隔符：

awk -F, '{print length($2)}' file
9
25
8
10
20
8

其次，使用双引号作为分隔符：

awk -F\" '{print length($2)}' file
7
79
6
8
80
6

awk -F\" 'length($2)>=12' file

awk -F, '{print length($2)}' file
9
25
8
10
20
8

awk -F\" '{print length($2)}' file
7
79
6
8
80
6

答案3

得分: 0

添加 gsub(/[\200-\277]/, "&") 以正确地按字节模式测量 UTF-8 字符的数量，假设输入为 格式良好的UTF-8 。如果您正在使用 gawk 的Unicode模式，则跳过此部分。

echo '42242,"France."
2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"brazil"
23432423,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."
234234,"Paris."' |

— 以CSV方式进行操作，没有适当的解析器（或具有Unicode支持的awk） - 它测量完整行的长度，减去第一个逗号的字符串索引位置，然后再减去2个引号：

• mawk '(_+=++_)^_^_<(-_-- + length($--_) \
                           - index($_, FS) \
                           - gsub(/[0-7]/, "&amp;))' FS=',';
  

— 以双引号（"..."）方式进行操作：

• gawk '((_+=++_)^_^_-_^_)<length($(--_+_--))' FS='"'
  

 1 2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
 2 234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

echo '42242,"France."
2343242,"Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"brazil"
23432423,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."
234234,"Paris."' | 

答案4

得分: 0

使用 `ruby` 和 `CSV.parse` 处理稍作修改的数据以在带引号的逗号上显示正确输出。

```ruby
% ruby -r 'csv' -ne 'if CSV.parse($_).map {|i| 
    if i[1].length >= 12 then true end}[0] then puts $_ end' file
2343242,"Labor, atoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
23432423,Institut Cochin,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

数据

% cat  file
42242,"France."
2343242,"Labor, atoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"brazil"
23432423,Institut Cochin,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."
234234,"Paris."

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

Using `ruby` with `CSV.parse` on slightly modified data to show correct output on commas within quotes.

% ruby -r 'csv' -ne 'if CSV.parse($).map {|i|
if i[1].length >= 12 then true end}[0] then puts $ end' file
2343242,"Labor, atoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
23432423,Institut Cochin,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."

#### Data ####

% cat file
42242,"France."
2343242,"Labor, atoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France."
234234,"brazil"
23432423,Institut Cochin,"colombia"
234234,"Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France."
234234,"Paris."

</details>



# 答案5
**得分**: 0

42242,"法国"
2343242,"巴黎儿童医院病毒学实验室, AP-HP, 法国巴黎."
234234,"巴西"
23432423,"哥伦比亚"
234234,"巴黎大学, 科欣研究所, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 法国巴黎."
234234,"巴黎."

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

    42242,&quot;France.&quot;
    2343242,&quot;Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, H&#244;pital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.&quot;
    234234,&quot;brazil&quot;
    23432423,&quot;colombia&quot;
    234234,&quot;Universit&#233; de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.&quot;
    234234,&quot;Paris.&quot;

does have `,` *inside* quoted values, therefore just setting field separator to `,` would not work, observe that e.g. 2nd columnd of 2nd row will be `&quot;Laboratoire de Virologie`, to counter that you might use `FPAT` provided in [More CSV chapter of GNU AWK manual][1] as follows

    awk &#39;BEGIN{FPAT=&quot;([^,]*)|(\&quot;([^\&quot;]|\&quot;\&quot;)+\&quot;)&quot;}length($2)&gt;12&#39; file.csv

though keep in mind that `&quot;` are included in quotes fields, so you might need to adjust value inside comparison.


  [1]: https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/gawk/manual/html_node/More-CSV.html

</details>