英文:
Java Spring testing without Spring Boot - error java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
问题
I am learning Java Spring Framework. I am at a very beginning. As I have read it is better to start with Spring, not Spring Boot, when one learns Spring. I have a very simple testing that is to display a string only. I found the application in a tutorial, but it was tested with Spring Boot, so I tried to convert it to Spring. But then it threw the error: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Please help me to fix it in Spring without Spring Boot. Below a log and files are listed.
./pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>guru.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>injection</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Other dependencies -->
</dependencies>
</project>
./src/test/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/ControllerTest.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { BpFinalConstructorController.class, BpServiceImpl.class })
public class ControllerTest {
@Autowired
BpFinalConstructorController bpFinalConstructorController;
@Bean
public BpService bpService() {
return new BpServiceImpl();
}
@Test
public void testFieldController() {
System.out.println("A Best Practice Controller says: " + bpFinalConstructorController.saySomething());
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpFinalConstructorController.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class BpFinalConstructorController {
private final BpService bpService;
public String saySomething() {
return bpService.getHello();
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpServiceImpl.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
public class BpServiceImpl implements BpService {
@Override
public String getHello() {
return "The Best Hello!";
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpService.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
public interface BpService {
String getHello();
}
I did changes mentioned by Siddharth Agrawal in his answer and it worked. I also did some small deletions in the code, so 3 files got changed.
英文:
I am learning Java Spring Framework. I am at a very beginning. As I have read it is better to start with Spring, not Spring Boot, when one learns Spring. I have a very simple testing that is to display a string only. I found the application in a tutorial, but it was tested with Spring Boot, so I tried to convert it to Spring. But then it threw the error: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Please help me to fix it in Spring without Spring Boot. Below a log and files are listed.
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/bin/java -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 -javaagent:/opt/idea-IU/lib/idea_rt.jar=33619:/opt/idea-IU/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /opt/idea-IU/lib/idea_rt.jar:/opt/idea-IU/plugins/junit/lib/junit5-rt.jar:/opt/idea-IU/plugins/junit/lib/junit-rt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jce.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/resources.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_241/jre/lib/rt.jar:/home/u/Dropbox/IdeaProjects/injection/target/test-classes:/home/u/Dropbox/IdeaProjects/injection/target/classes:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-core-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-jcl-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/aopalliance/aopalliance/1.0/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.2/commons-logging-1.2.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-aop-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-beans-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-context-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-expression-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context-support/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-context-support-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-test/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-test-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/projectlombok/lombok/1.18.12/lombok-1.18.12.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-test-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.13/junit-4.13.jar:/home/u/.m2/repository/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 guru.springframework.dibestpractices.ControllerTest
Jul 25, 2020 2:02:21 PM org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames
INFO: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener]
Jul 25, 2020 2:02:21 PM org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners
INFO: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@4dfa3a9d, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@6eebc39e, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@464bee09, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@f6c48ac, org.springframework.test.context.event.EventPublishingTestExecutionListener@13deb50e, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@239963d8]
Jul 25, 2020 2:02:21 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext refresh
WARNING: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'bpFinalConstructorController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'guru.springframework.dibestpractices.BpService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
Jul 25, 2020 2:02:21 PM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager prepareTestInstance
SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@464bee09] to prepare test instance [guru.springframework.dibestpractices.ControllerTest@54c562f7]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'bpFinalConstructorController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'guru.springframework.dibestpractices.BpService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:787)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:226)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1358)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1204)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:879)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'guru.springframework.dibestpractices.BpService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:874)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:778)
... 43 more
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'bpFinalConstructorController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'guru.springframework.dibestpractices.BpService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:787)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:226)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1358)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1204)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:879)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'guru.springframework.dibestpractices.BpService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:874)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:778)
... 43 more
Process finished with exit code 255
./pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>guru.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>injection</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aopalliance/aopalliance -->
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
./src/test/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/ControllerTest.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { BpFinalConstructorController.class })
public class ControllerTest {
@Autowired
BpFinalConstructorController bpFinalConstructorController;
@Test
public void testFieldController() {
System.out.println("A Best Practice Controller says: " + bpFinalConstructorController.saySomething());
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpFinalConstructorController.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Controller
@Component
public class BpFinalConstructorController {
private final BpService bpService;
public String saySomething() {
return bpService.getHello();
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpServiceImpl.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class BpServiceImpl implements BpService {
@Override
public String getHello() {
return "The Best Hello!";
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpService.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
public interface BpService {
String getHello();
}
Update
I did changes mentioned by Siddharth Agrawal in his answer and it worked. I also did some small deletions in the code, so 3 files got chnaged:
./src/test/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/ControllerTest.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { BpFinalConstructorController.class, BpServiceImpl.class })
public class ControllerTest {
@Autowired
BpFinalConstructorController bpFinalConstructorController;
@Bean
public BpService bpService() {
return new BpServiceImpl();
}
@Test
public void testFieldController() {
System.out.println("A Best Practice Controller says: " + bpFinalConstructorController.saySomething());
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpFinalConstructorController.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class BpFinalConstructorController {
private final BpService bpService;
public String saySomething() {
return bpService.getHello();
}
}
./src/main/java/guru/springframework/dibestpractices/BpServiceImpl.java
package guru.springframework.dibestpractices;
public class BpServiceImpl implements BpService {
@Override
public String getHello() {
return "The Best Hello!";
}
}
答案1
得分: 2
因为控制器构造函数中存在不满足的依赖关系。
在您的控制器中：
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Controller
@Component
public class BpFinalConstructorController {
private final BpService bpService;
public String saySomething() {
return bpService.getHello();
}
}
@RequiredArgsConstructor 注解会动态生成以下构造函数：
public BpFinalConstructorController(BpService bpService) {
this.bpService = bpService;
}
因此在您的测试类中，您需要为 BpService 类提供一个 bean。
在测试的 @ContextConfiguration 中包含 BpServiceImpl.class，然后它应该可以正常工作。
英文:
It's because of unsatisfied dependency in your controller's constructor.
In your controller:
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Controller
@Component
public class BpFinalConstructorController {
private final BpService bpService;
public String saySomething() {
return bpService.getHello();
}
}
The @RequiredArgsConstructor annotation dynamically generates this constructor:
public BpFinalConstructorController(BpService bpService) {
this.bpService = bpService;
}
So in your test class, you need to provide a bean for this BpService class.
Include BpServiceImpl.class in your test's @ContextConfiguration and it should work.
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