英文:
Golang dynamically creating member of struct
问题
我知道Go语言中有结构体(struct),但据我所知,你必须先定义结构体。我想知道如何声明一个在结构体中不存在的新变量。
type Circle struct{
x, y, r float64
}
circle := new(Circle)
circle.color = "black"
你可以使用new
关键字来创建一个结构体的实例,并且可以在实例中添加新的字段,比如color
。
英文:
I know there is struct in Go, but for all I know, you have to define struct
type Circle struct{
x,y,r float64
}
I am wondering how you can declare a new variable that doesn't exist in the struct
circle := new(Circle)
circle.color = "black"
答案1
得分: 62
你需要使用一个类型为map[string]interface{}
的映射来处理动态JSON。下面是创建一个新映射的示例代码:
// 初始声明
m := map[string]interface{}{
"key": "value",
}
// 动态添加子映射
m["sub"] = map[string]interface{}{
"deepKey": "deepValue",
}
将JSON解组成映射的代码如下:
var f interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal(b, &f)
上述代码将在变量f
中得到一个类似下面结构的映射:
f = map[string]interface{}{
"Name": "Wednesday",
"Age": 6,
"Parents": []interface{}{
"Gomez",
"Morticia",
},
}
你需要使用类型断言来访问它,否则Go无法知道它是一个映射:
m := f.(map[string]interface{})
你还需要对从映射中取出的每个项使用断言或类型判断。处理非结构化的JSON可能会很麻烦。
更多信息:
英文:
You will need to use a map (of type map[string]interface{}
) to work with dynamic JSON. Here is an example of creating a new map:
// Initial declaration
m := map[string]interface{}{
"key": "value",
}
// Dynamically add a sub-map
m["sub"] = map[string]interface{}{
"deepKey": "deepValue",
}
Unmarshalling JSON into a map looks like:
var f interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal(b, &f)
The code above would leave you with a map in f
, with a structure resembling:
f = map[string]interface{}{
"Name": "Wednesday",
"Age": 6,
"Parents": []interface{}{
"Gomez",
"Morticia",
},
}
You will need to use a type assertion to access it, otherwise Go won't know it's a map:
m := f.(map[string]interface{})
You will also need to use assertions or type switches on each item you pull out of the map. Dealing with unstructured JSON is a hassle.
More information:
答案2
得分: 17
我已经开始在这个小仓库https://github.com/Ompluscator/dynamic-struct上工作。
目前可以通过传递一个结构体实例并修改字段(添加、删除、更改类型和标签)来在运行时扩展现有的结构体。
目前仍在进行中,所以不要期望有什么大的变化
编辑:目前,库的工作已经完成,并且在过去几个月中看起来很稳定
英文:
I've started to work on this small repository https://github.com/Ompluscator/dynamic-struct
It's possible at this point to extend existing struct in runtime, by passing a instance of struct and modifying fields (adding, removing, changing types and tags).
Still in progress, so don't expect something huge
EDIT: At this point, work on library is done, and it looks stable for last a couple of months
答案3
得分: 7
你可以使用reflect包来实现,检查StructOf
方法,它允许你根据[]reflect.StructField
创建一个新的结构体。示例代码如下:
func main() {
typ := reflect.StructOf([]reflect.StructField{
{
Name: "Height",
Type: reflect.TypeOf(float64(0)),
Tag: `json:"height"`,
},
{
Name: "Age",
Type: reflect.TypeOf(int(0)),
Tag: `json:"age"`,
},
})
v := reflect.New(typ).Elem()
v.Field(0).SetFloat(0.4)
v.Field(1).SetInt(2)
s := v.Addr().Interface()
w := new(bytes.Buffer)
if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(s); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("value: %+v\n", s)
fmt.Printf("json: %s", w.Bytes())
r := bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"height":1.5,"age":10}`))
if err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(s); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("value: %+v\n", s)
}
以上是给出的代码示例,使用reflect包创建了一个新的结构体,并进行了一些操作。
英文:
You can do it using reflect package, check StructOf
method it allows you to create a new struct from []reflect.StructField
. Example:
func main() {
typ := reflect.StructOf([]reflect.StructField{
{
Name: "Height",
Type: reflect.TypeOf(float64(0)),
Tag: `json:"height"`,
},
{
Name: "Age",
Type: reflect.TypeOf(int(0)),
Tag: `json:"age"`,
},
})
v := reflect.New(typ).Elem()
v.Field(0).SetFloat(0.4)
v.Field(1).SetInt(2)
s := v.Addr().Interface()
w := new(bytes.Buffer)
if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(s); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("value: %+v\n", s)
fmt.Printf("json: %s", w.Bytes())
r := bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"height":1.5,"age":10}`))
if err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(s); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("value: %+v\n", s)
}
答案4
得分: 2
你无法这样做。Go语言是静态类型的,不允许这样的构造。
结构体在内存中有一个与定义直接相关的布局,没有地方存储这样的额外字段。
你可以使用map代替。此外,你可以使用&circle
作为键或键的一部分,将map元素与任意结构体关联起来。
type key struct {
target interface{}
field string
}
x := make(map[key]string)
x[key{ target: circle, field: "color" }] = "black"
英文:
You can't. Go is statically typed, and does not allow such constructs.
Structs have a layout in memory that directly related to the definition, and there's no where to store such additional fields.
You can use a map instead. Moreover, you can use &circle
as a key or part of a key, to associate map elements with arbitrary structs.
type key struct {
target interface{}
field string
}
x := make(map[key]string)
x[key{ target: circle, field: "color" }] = "black"
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