英文:
cgo - How to convert string to C fixed char array
问题
我正在尝试在我的Go代码中实例化一个C结构体。
该结构体的定义如下(在一个我无法修改的外部库中):
typedef struct {
char field1[256];
} S1;
在Go中,我这样做:
func myfunc(mystr string){
// 我们需要将mystr从字符串转换为字符数组
cStr := C.CString(mystr)
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cStr))
// 现在应该可以工作了
s1 := &C.S1{field1: cStr}
// 对s1进行操作...
}
但是它无法编译,因为:
> 无法将cStr(类型为*C.char)作为字段值中的[256]C.char类型使用
我尝试了强制转换([256]C.char)(cStr),但显然也不起作用。
有没有办法实现我想做的事情?
英文:
I'm trying to instantiate a C struct inside my Go code.
The struct is defined like this, (in an external library that I cannot modify):
typedef struct {
char field1[256];
} S1
In go, I did this:
func myfunc(mystr string){
// We need to convert mystr from string to char array
cStr := C.CString(mystr)
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cStr)
// Should work now
s1 := &C.S1{field1: cStr}
// Do something with s1...
}
But it doesn't compile because:
> cannot use cStr (type *C.char) as type [256]C.char in field value
I've tried forcing ([256]C.char)(cStr) but it obviously doesn't work either.
Is there a way to achieve what I'm trying to do?
答案1
得分: 3
最简单的解决方案是将结构体的字段定义更改为指向char的指针,这在C语言中是相当标准的字符串表示方式:
typedef struct {
char *field1;
} S1;
更复杂的解决方案如下:
arr := [256]C.char{}
for i := 0; i < len(mystr) && i < 255; i++ { // 将第256个元素保持为零
arr[i] = C.char(mystr[i])
}
s1 := &C.S1{field1: &arr[0]}
注意:以上代码未经测试,在此工作站上无法编译。
英文:
The simplest solution is to change your struct's field definition to a char-pointer which is pretty standard for strings in C:
typedef struct {
char *field1;
} S1
The more complex solution would be <sup>[1]</sup>:
arr := [256]C.char{}
for i := 0; i < len(mystr) && i < 255; i++ { // leave element 256 at zero
arr[i] = C.char(mystr[i])
}
s1 := &C.S1{field1: arr}
<sup>[1]</sup> Code untested, cannot compile on this workstation.
答案2
得分: 3
很遗憾,在Go语言中没有处理[size]C.char
作为字符串的便捷方法(我记得曾经看到过一个提案来添加这个功能...)。
在我的代码中,我选择在需要时手动将字符串写入结构体中,可以使用以下方法:
func strCopy(dest *[maxTextExtent]C.char, src []byte) {
for i, c := range src {
dest[i] = C.char(c)
}
// 这是C语言,我们需要终止字符串!
dest[len(src)] = 0
}
而我以前使用的方法,相对不太安全:
s1 := &C.S1{
field1: *(*[256]C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(cStr)),
}
英文:
Unfortunately there aren't any convenience methods for handling [size]C.char
as a string in Go (I think I saw a proposal to add this at one point though...)
In my code instead of handling it directly, I opted to manually write the string into the struct when needed with some like
func strCopy(dest *[maxTextExtent]C.char, src []byte) {
for i, c := range src {
dest[i] = C.char(c)
}
// This is C, we need to terminate the string!
dest[len(src)] = 0
}
And the way I used to handle it, which is much less safe is
s1 := &C.S1{
field1: *(*[256]C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(cStr)),
}
通过集体智慧和协作来改善编程学习和解决问题的方式。致力于成为全球开发者共同参与的知识库,让每个人都能够通过互相帮助和分享经验来进步。
评论