英文:
Go - how to organize code for dynamic packages
问题
我有一个用Go语言编写的小型Web应用程序。它是一个更大系统的基础，我希望它可以扩展，可以添加/删除组件，而不需要修改基础部分。
目前的结构如下：
App
Modules
Core
... 这里是核心文件 ...
app.go
main.go
app.go将包含一个路由方法，根据请求路径确定哪个模块负责处理请求。每个模块/组件都有自己的控制器。
每个组件都有自己的包名，所以我认为这是不可能的，因为Go语言要求显式导入。
例如，我可以添加一个名为"blog"的新模块/组件，如下所示：
App
Modules
Core
... 这里是核心文件 ...
controller.go
Blog
... 这里是博客文件 ...
controller.go
app.go
main.go
英文:
I have a small web application written in Go. It is created a base for a larger system and I would like it to be extendable where components can be added/removed without needing this base to be modified in any way.
The structure is currently:
App
Modules
Core
... Core Files Here ...
app.go
main.go
app.go will contain a routing method which should take a web request and based on the request path know which module is responsible for handling the request. Each module/component having its on controller.
Each component will have its own package name so i think this is going to be impossible since go forces an explicit import.
For example i may add a new module/component called say blog such as:
App
Modules
Core
... Core Files Here ...
controller.go
Blog
... Blog Files Here ...
controller.go
app.go
main.go
答案1
得分: 3
有几种方法可以实现你的目标。由于Go目前不支持动态加载库，所以当你添加或删除任何组件时，可能需要重新编译你的应用程序。因此，最简单的方法是创建一个yourapp/core包，其中包含以下内容：
- 一个
Application类型，具有作为主应用程序的ServeHTTP方法 - 一个
Component接口，所有组件都必须实现该接口。你可能还想在接口中包含一个BaseUrl() string和一个ServeHTTP方法。 - 一个
Register方法，用于向Application类型添加新组件。
然后，你可以在单独的包中实现你的组件（例如yourapp/blog），它们可能依赖于你的yourapp/core包。
唯一仍然需要"用户可编辑"的是main.go文件，它可能如下所示：
func main() {
app := core.NewApplication()
app.Register(blog.Blog{
Title: "My Personal Blog",
})
app.Register(...)
app.Run()
}
另一种方法可能是为你的组件定义一个RPC接口（可能包括RegisterComponent、UnregisterComponent和GetGlobalConfig等函数）。
然后，你可以在单独的进程中运行这些组件，这样做的好处是你可以动态地启动/停止/重新加载这些组件，而它们不会破坏你的主应用程序。如果你想使用这种方法，可以查看一下net/rpc包，甚至可能还有httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy。
英文:
There are several ways to achieve your goal. Since Go does not support dynamically loaded libraries at the moment, you need to probably recompile your application whenever you add/remove any components. The simplest way therefore would be a yourapp/core package with the following:
- an
Applicationtype with anServeHTTPmethod that acts as your main application - a
Componentinterface that all your components have to implement. Your might want include aBaseUrl() stringand aServeHTTPmethod there. - a
Registermethod to yourApplicationtype, that can be used to add new components to your app.
Your components can then be implemented in separate packages (e.g. yourapp/blog) and they will probably depend on your yourapp/core package.
The only thing that still needs to be "user-editable" is the main.go file, which might look like this:
func main() {
app := core.NewApplication()
app.Register(blog.Blog{
Title: "My Personal Blog",
})
app.Register(...)
app.Run()
}
Another approach might be to define an RPC interface for your components (which might include functions like RegisterComponent, UnregisterComponent and a GetGlobalConfig).
Then, you can run those components in separate processes which has the advantage that you can start/stop/reload those components dynamically and they can not break your main app. Take a look at the net/rpc package and maybe even httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy if you want to use this approach instead.
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