英文:
Can an object with uninitialized fields be safely added in std::vector?
问题
在以下程序中，结构体 A 的默认构造函数未初始化其字段 v。然后，在一个常量表达式中，使用 A() 对象对 std::vector<A> 进行了emplace操作：
#include <vector>struct A {constexpr A() noexcept {}int v;};constexpr bool f() {std::vector<A> as;as.reserve(1);as.emplace_back();return true;}static_assert( f() );
MSVC编译器对未初始化变量的读取发出投诉：
<source>(14): error C2131: expression did not evaluate to a constant<source>(11): note: failure was caused by a read of an uninitialized symbol<source>(11): note: see usage of 'A::v'
但GCC和Clang编译器都对该程序没有问题。在线演示：https://godbolt.org/z/addx11aTT
哪个编译器是正确的？
英文:
In the following program, default constructor of struct A does not initialize its field v. Then in a constant expression, std::vector<A> is emplaced with A() object:
#include <vector>struct A {constexpr A() noexcept {}int v;};constexpr bool f() {std::vector<A> as;as.reserve(1);as.emplace_back();return true;}static_assert( f() );
MSVC compiler complains about the reading of uninitialized variable:
<source>(14): error C2131: expression did not evaluate to a constant<source>(11): note: failure was caused by a read of an uninitialized symbol<source>(11): note: see usage of 'A::v'
But both GCC and Clang are fine with the program. Online demo: https://godbolt.org/z/addx11aTT
Which compiler is correct here?
答案1
得分: 1
看起来MSVC报告了一个读取错误。显然，通过评估然后丢弃emplace_back()返回的引用形式，而不仅仅是丢弃它。MSVC在一个简化版本中展示了一个bug。请参见下文。
问题不在于向量中的分配，而是emplace_back()是一个返回表达式的方法，是对添加的元素的引用。
这也可以通过以下方式看出，它创建了一个A对象，提供了对它的引用，然后，在评估引用时，在MSVC中引发了错误。它不应该这样，正如@user17732522在评论中指出的那样。它应该被丢弃为未使用的lvalue。
struct A {constexpr A() noexcept {}int v;};constexpr bool f() {A a;A& b = a;// b; // 取消注释这一行会导致MSVC失败return true;}static_assert(f());int main() {}
编译正常，但如果评估引用对象b，则会出现以下错误：
Message failure was caused by a read of an uninitialized symbol
这是一个MSVC的bug。
英文:
Looks like MSVC is reporting a read error. Apparently by evaluating then discarding the returned reference form emplace_back() rather than just discarding it. MSVC does demonstrate a bug in a simplified version. See below.
The problem isn't allocation in vector, it's that the emplace_back() is a method that returns an expression, a reference to the added element.
This can be also seen by the following which creates an A object, provides a reference to it, then, when the reference is evaluated it causes an error in MSVC. It should not, as @user17732522 pointed out in comments. It should be discarded as an unused lvalue.
struct A {constexpr A() noexcept {}int v;};constexpr bool f() {A a;A& b = a;// b; // uncommenting this causes MSVC to failreturn true;}static_assert(f());int main() {}
Compiles fine but if the b, a reference to the objects is evaluated this error ensues:
Message failure was caused by a read of an uninitialized symbol
This is a MSVC bug.
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