英文:
tkinter extension was not compiled and GUI subsystem has been detected. Missing the Tk toolkit?
问题
我正在尝试在CentOS-7上通过pyenv安装Python-3.11.4。它安装成功，但没有GUI。我收到以下错误消息：
安装 Python-3.11.4...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/.../pyenv/versions/3.11.4/lib/python3.11/tkinter/__init__.py", line 38, in <module>
import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
警告：Python tkinter 扩展未编译，检测到缺少 Tk 工具包？
Python-3.11.4 已安装到 /.../pyenv/versions/3.11.4
而Python-3.9.16在同一台机器上成功安装。根据Python 3.11 Build Changes，要求安装*"Tcl/Tk 版本 8.5.12 或更新版本"*。我已经安装了如下版本：
$ rpm -q tk tk-devel
tk-8.5.13-6.el7.x86_64
tk-devel-8.5.13-6.el7.x86_64
同一页还提到*"Tcl/Tk 和 uuid 标志会被 pkg-config（如果可用）检测到。现在 tkinter 需要 pkg-config 命令来检测 Tcl/Tk 标头和库的开发设置。*，这也已安装：
$ rpm -q pkgconfig
pkgconfig-0.27.1-4.el7.x86_64
请问您能帮助我理解为什么无法安装 _tkinter 吗？非常感谢您的帮助！
英文:
I am trying to install (through pyenv) Python-3.11.4 under CentOS-7. It installs but without GUI. I get the following error message:
Installing Python-3.11.4...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/.../pyenv/versions/3.11.4/lib/python3.11/tkinter/__init__.py", line 38, in <module>
import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
WARNING: The Python tkinter extension was not compiled and GUI subsystem has been detected. Missing the Tk toolkit?
Installed Python-3.11.4 to /.../pyenv/versions/3.11.4
While Python-3.9.16 installs successfully on the same machine. According to Python 3.11 Build Changes, the requirement is to have "Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 or newer" installed. I have
$ rpm -q tk tk-devel
tk-8.5.13-6.el7.x86_64
tk-devel-8.5.13-6.el7.x86_64
The same page says "Tcl/Tk, and uuid flags are detected by pkg-config (when available). tkinter now requires a pkg-config command to detect development settings for Tcl/Tk headers and libraries.", which is also installed:
$ rpm -q pkgconfig
pkgconfig-0.27.1-4.el7.x86_64
Could you please help me to understand what might be the reason of the failure to install _tkinter?
Thank you very much for your help!
答案1
得分: 0
为了在CentOS-7下成功构建Python-3.11.4，需要设置以下环境变量：
export CPPFLAGS="$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11) -I/usr/include"
export LDFLAGS="$(pkg-config --libs openssl11) -L/usr/lib64 -ltcl8.5 -ltk8.5"
其中，openssl11 部分是为了 _ssl 模块，其余部分是为了 _tkinter 模块。
构建带有Tk/Tcl的Python所需的部分可以在以下位置找到：
- /usr/lib64/tclConfig.sh
- /usr/lib64/tkConfig.sh
要检查是否成功构建了 tkinter，请执行以下操作：
/path/to/python/3.11.4/bin/python3 -m tkinter
看起来问题的根本原因是在CentOS-7中的 tcl 和 tk rpm包未提供相应的 pkg-config 文件：
- /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/tcl.pc
- /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/tk.pc
因此，需要手动提供相应的信息。
英文:
To build successfully Python-3.11.4 under CentOS-7, one needs to set the following environment variables:
export CPPFLAGS="$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11) -I/usr/include"
export LDFLAGS="$(pkg-config --libs openssl11) -L/usr/lib64 -ltcl8.5 -ltk8.5"
where the openssl11 parts are needed for the _ssl module, and the rest is needed for the _tkinter module.
The pieces needed to build Python with the Tk/Tcl were found in
- /usr/lib64/tclConfig.sh
- /usr/lib64/tkConfig.sh
To check if tkinter was built successfully, do the following:
/path/to/python/3.11.4/bin/python3 -m tkinter
It seems, the root cause of the problem is that tcl and tk rpm packages in CentOS-7 do not provide the corresponding pkg-config files:
- /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/tcl.pc
- /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/tk.pc
and so one has to provide the corresponding information manually.
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