我不理解为什么我的C++代码出现了错误(不兼容的操作数类型)。

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英文:

I do not understand why error(incompatible operand types) occurred in my c++ code

问题

我用C++编写了一个用于分析JavaScript代码词法单元的代码。以下是相应的函数。为了参考,Kind是一个包含词法单元类型的枚举类,函数toKind的定义在函数analyzeLexeme的下方。

auto analyzeLexeme(std::wstring & source_code) -> std::vector<Token> {
    using std::__1::wregex;
    using std::regex_search;
    using std::vector;
    using std::wsmatch;
    using std::wstring;
    using std::string;
    using std::tuple;
    using std::map;

    wsmatch matched;
    Kind    result_kind;

    map<string, bool> context  = { { "in_tmplt", false }, };
    auto              result   = vector<Token>();
    auto              reSearch = [&source_code, &matched] (const wregex & re) {
        return regex_search(source_code, matched, re);
    };

    source_code += L'\0';

    for (; source_code[0]; source_code = matched.suffix()) {
        if (reSearch(kReWhiteSpace)) continue;

        result.push_back({(
                reSearch(kReNumLiteral)                             ? [] { return Kind::NumberLiteral; }                       :
                reSearch(kReStrLiteral)                             ? [] { return Kind::StringLiteral; }                       :
                reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"] ?
                    [&] {
                        context["in_tmplt"] = true;
                        return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
                    }                                                                                                          :
                reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]  ?
                    [&] {
                        context["in_tmplt"] = false;
                        return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
                    }                                                                                                          :
                reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]   ? [] { return Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral; }              :
                reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)                            ? [] { return Kind::TemplateLiteral; }                    :
                reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)                        ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier); } :
                reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)                         ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str()); }                   :
                [] { return Kind::Unknown; }
            )(),
            matched.str(),
        });

        if (result.back().kind == Kind::Unknown) {
            std::wcerr << L"[ERR] : Unknown Token : " << source_code.substr(0, 40) << std::endl;
            // fwprintf(stderr, L"[ERR] : Unknown Token : %s", source_code.substr(0, 40).c_str());
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    return result;
}
// str_to_kind is a map(string to kind).
auto toKind(std::wstring str, Kind default_kind) -> Kind {
    return str_to_kind.count(str) ? str_to_kind.at(str) : default_kind;
}

错误出现在这里(reSearch(kReOperatorBracket) ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str()); })。原因是error: incompatible operand types ('(lambda at ~/projects/lexer.cc:69:72)' and '(lambda at ~/projects/lexer.cc:70:17)')

我不明白这个错误的原因,因为toKind的返回类型是Kind,所以lambda函数([&] { return toKind(matched.str()))必须返回Kind值,而lambda函数([] { return Kind::Unknown; })也只能返回Kind类型的值。

起初,我以为是g++无法解释我的代码(在Python中,有时解释器无法解释我不应该写的行)。然而,经过多次尝试,我发现这也不是主要原因。

此外,如果代码被编译,我会使用gdb进行调试,但由于这是编译过程中的问题,我也无法这样做。

英文:

I wrote a code to analyize javascript code lexeme with c++. Below is the corresponding function. For reference, Kind is a enum class that contains kinds of lex, and definition of a function toKind is below of the function analyzeLexeme.

auto analyzeLexeme(std::wstring & source_code) -> std::vector<Token> {
    using std::__1::wregex;
    using std::regex_search;
    using std::vector;
    using std::wsmatch;
    using std::wstring;
    using std::string;
    using std::tuple;
    using std::map;

    wsmatch matched;
    Kind    result_kind;

    map<string, bool> context  = { { "in_tmplt", false }, };
    auto              result   = vector<Token>();
    auto              reSearch = [&source_code, &matched] (const wregex & re) {
        return regex_search(source_code, matched, re);
    };

    source_code += L'\0';

    for (; source_code[0]; source_code = matched.suffix()) {
        if (reSearch(kReWhiteSpace)) continue;

        result.push_back({(
                reSearch(kReNumLiteral)                             ? [] { return Kind::NumberLiteral; }                       :
                reSearch(kReStrLiteral)                             ? [] { return Kind::StringLiteral; }                       :
                reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"] ?
                    [&] {
                        context["in_tmplt"] = true;
                        return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
                    }                                                                                                          :
                reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]  ?
                    [&] {
                        context["in_tmplt"] = false;
                        return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
                    }                                                                                                          :
                reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]   ? [] { return Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral; }              :
                reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)                            ? [] { return Kind::TemplateLiteral; }                    :
                reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)                        ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier); } :
                reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)                         ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str()); }                   :
                [] { return Kind::Unknown; }
            )(),
            matched.str(),
        });

        if (result.back().kind == Kind::Unknown) {
            std::wcerr << L"[ERR] : Unknown Token : " << source_code.substr(0, 40) << std::endl;
            // fwprintf(stderr, L"[ERR] : Unknown Token : %s", source_code.substr(0, 40).c_str());
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    return result;
}
// str_to_kind is a map(string to kind).
auto toKind(std::wstring str, Kind default_kind) -> Kind {
    return str_to_kind.count(str) ? str_to_kind.at(str) : default_kind;
}

Error is occurred here(reSearch(kReOperatorBracket) ? [&] { return toKind(matched.str()); }). And reason is error: incompatible operand types ('(lambda at ~/projects/lexer.cc:69:72)' and '(lambda at ~/projects/lexer.cc:70:17)').

I do not understand it because return type of toKind is Kind, so lambda function([&] { return toKind(matched.str())) must return Kind value, and lambda function([] { return Kind::Unknown; }) also has no choice but to return a value of type Kind.

At first I thought g++ couldn't interpret my code (in python, sometimes the interpreter can't interpret it if I write down the line I shouldn't write down). However, after many attempts, I found that it was not the main cause either.

Also, if the code was compiled, I would run gdb to debug it, but I couldn't do this either because it was a problem with the compilation process.

答案1

得分: 1

由于您在三元操作中使用了lambda作为操作数,您需要将这些lambda包装在std::function中。

正如您所看到的,所有的lambda都有自己独特的类型,而不是std::function。如果您想要有一个返回一种类型或另一种类型的表达式,您需要某种类型的类型擦除。

考虑以下代码:

std::any test = rand() > 10 ? 42 : "a";

尽管您正在构造一个std::any,但是三元操作符的两个操作数的类型不同,且彼此之间不能转换。

但是以下代码可以正常工作:

std::any test = rand() > 10 ? std::any{42} : std::any{"a"};

然而,您似乎在表达式中立即调用函数。考虑到这一点,您还可以删除所有单语句的lambda,并在三元操作符内部调用多语句。

如果您在现场调用它们,代码将如下所示:

result.push_back({
  (
    reSearch(kReNumLiteral)
      ? Kind::NumberLiteral
      : reSearch(kReStrLiteral)
        ? Kind::StringLiteral
        : reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"]
          ? [&] {
            context["in_tmplt"] = true;
            return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
          }() // 在这里调用!
          : reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
            ? [&] {
              context["in_tmplt"] = false;
              return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
            }() // 再次在这里调用,lambda被调用。
            : reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
              ? Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral
              : reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)
                ? Kind::TemplateLiteral;
                : reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)
                  ? toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier)
                  : reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)
                    ? toKind(matched.str())
                    : Kind::Unknown
  ),
  matched.str(),
});

如果您将它们全部包装在像std::function这样的类型擦除包装器中,代码将如下所示:

result.push_back({
  (
    reSearch(kReNumLiteral)
      ? std::function{[]{ return Kind::NumberLiteral; }}
      : reSearch(kReStrLiteral)
        ? std::function{[]{ return Kind::StringLiteral; }}
        : reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"]
          ? std::function{[&] {
            context["in_tmplt"] = true;
            return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
          }}
          : reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
            ? std::function{[&] {
              context["in_tmplt"] = false;
              return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
            }}
            : reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
              ? std::function{[]{ return Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral; }}
              : reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)
                ? std::function{[]{ return Kind::TemplateLiteral; }}
                : reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)
                  ? std::function{[]{ return toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier); }}
                  : reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)
                    ? std::function{[]{ return toKind(matched.str()); }}
                    : std::function{[]{ return Kind::Unknown; }}
  )(), // 调用包装了lambda的std::function
  matched.str(),
});
英文:

Since you use lambdas as operands in a ternary operation, you'll need to wrap those lambdas inside a std::function.

As you can see, all lambdas have their own distinct type that is not std::function. If you want to have an expression that return one type or another, you need some kind of type erasure.

Consider this code:

std::any test = rand() > 10 ? 42 : "a";

Even though you're constructing a std::any, both sides of the operands of the ternary are not the same type and are not convertible between each other.

This code works though:

std::any test = rand() > 10 ? std::any{42} : std::any{"a"};

However, you seems to call the function on the spot, in line in the expression. Considering that, you can also remove all single-statement lambdas, and call the multi statements inside the ternary.

Here's how it would look like if you call them on the spot:

result.push_back({
(
reSearch(kReNumLiteral)
? Kind::NumberLiteral
: reSearch(kReStrLiteral)
? Kind::StringLiteral
: reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"]
? [&] {
context["in_tmplt"] = true;
return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
}() // here!
: reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
? [&] {
context["in_tmplt"] = false;
return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
}() // here again, lambda called.
: reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
? Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral
: reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)
? Kind::TemplateLiteral;
: reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)
? toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier)
: reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)
? toKind(matched.str())
: Kind::Unknown
),
matched.str(),
});

Here's how it look like if you wrap them all in a type erasure wrapper like std::function:

result.push_back({
(
reSearch(kReNumLiteral)
? std::function{[]{ return Kind::NumberLiteral; }}
: reSearch(kReStrLiteral)
? std::function{[]{ return Kind::StringLiteral; }}
: reSearch(kReTmpltHdLiteral) && !context["in_tmplt"]
? std::function{[&] {
context["in_tmplt"] = true;
return Kind::TemplateHeadLiteral;
}}
: reSearch(kReTmpltTlLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
? std::function{[&] {
context["in_tmplt"] = false;
return Kind::TemplateTailLiteral;
}}
: reSearch(kReTmpltMdLiteral) && context["in_tmplt"]
? std::function{[]{ return Kind::TemplateMiddleLiteral; }}
: reSearch(kReTmpltLiteral)
? std::function{[]{ return Kind::TemplateLiteral; }}
: reSearch(kReIdentifierKyword)
? std::function{[]{ return toKind(matched.str(), Kind::Identifier); }}
: reSearch(kReOperatorBracket)
? std::function{[]{ return toKind(matched.str()); }}
: std::function{[]{ return Kind::Unknown; }}
)(), // call the std::function that wraps a lambda
matched.str(),
});

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  • 本文由 发表于 2023年8月9日 01:07:32
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/76861789.html
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