英文:
How to list the field names from a Django serializer
问题
我有一个模型序列化器，我想知道如何获取该序列化器字段的名称列表。类似地，我知道如何从模型和表单中获取字段的列表。
示例模型：
class Account(models.Model):
account_holder = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=50)
age = models.IntegerField(blank=False)
salary = models.DecimalField(blank=False, max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
然后可以从以下方式获取字段列表：
从模型：
obj_fields = Account._meta.get_fields() # 作为对象
[field.name for field in Account._meta.get_fields()] # 作为字符串列表
# 输出: ['id', 'account_holder', 'age', 'salary']
从表单：
class AccountForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
fields = '__all__'
model = Account
# 表单字段列表（其中一种可能的方法之一，不会偏离主题）：
fields = AccountForm.base_fields # 作为对象字典
[field for field in AccountForm.base_fields.keys()] # 作为字符串列表
# 输出: ['account_holder', 'age', 'salary']
然后我有一个序列化器：
class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Account
fields = (
'id',
'account_holder',
'age',
'salary',
'age_score',
'salary_score',
)
这个序列化器比模型有更多的字段。但是，例如使用以下方法，会抛出错误：
>>> AccountSerializer.get_field_names()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: ModelSerializer.get_field_names() missing 3 required positional arguments: 'self', 'declared_fields', and 'info'
显然，我不知道如何使用这个方法，也不知道是否有其他方法。
英文:
I have a model serializer and I was wondering how to get a list of the names of the fields of this serializer. Similarly, I know how to get a list of the fields form a model and from a form.
Example model:
class Account(models.Model):
account_holder = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=50)
age = models.IntegerField(blank=False)
salary = models.DecimalField(blank=False, max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
Then the list of fields can be derived from:
obj_fields = Account._meta.get_fields() # as objects
[field.name for field in Account._meta.get_fields()] # as list of strings
# output: ['id', 'account_holder', 'age', 'salary']
From the form:
class AccountForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
fields = '__all__'
model = Account
The list of the form fields (one of the possible methods without derailing into a different topic):
fields = AccountForm.base_fields # as dictionary of objects
[field for field in AccountForm.base_fields.keys()] # as list of strings
# output: ['account_holder', 'age', 'salary']
And I have a serializer:
class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Account
fields = (
'id',
'account_holder',
'age',
'salary',
'age_score',
'salary_score',
)
which has a few more fields than the model. But for example using the following, it throws an error:
>>> AccountSerializer.get_field_names()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: ModelSerializer.get_field_names() missing 3 required positional arguments: 'self', 'declared_fields', and 'info'
Clearly, I ignore how to use this method and if there is another method.
答案1
得分: 1
你必须在序列化器的实例上调用方法（而不是类本身）：
serializer = AccountSerializer()
fields = serializer.get_fields().keys()
英文:
You have to call the methods on an instance of the serializer (not the class itself):
serializer = AccountSerializer()
fields = serializer.get_fields().keys()
答案2
得分: 0
我已经找到了这个使用序列化器类的一行代码，它对我来说运行得很好：
fields = AccountSerializer.Meta.fields # 返回一个字符串元组
作为一点说明：我发现SofienM的方法可以从对象中获取更多信息。
英文:
I have found this one-liner using the serializer class which works fine for me:
fields = AccountSerializer.Meta.fields # return a tuple of strings
As a note: I find the method by SofienM can give more information out of the object.
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