奇怪的行为与Python中的randint

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英文:

strange behavior with randint in python

问题

这段代码有时会出现以下输出:

value 1
rol don't exist

为什么会出现这种行为以及存在哪些替代方法?

这种行为发生的原因是因为 rol_rand() 函数在每次调用时都会生成一个新的随机数,然后与 rol_dict 中的值进行比较。在两次调用 rol_rand() 之间,可能会生成不同的随机数,因此可能会导致不同的结果。

为了获得一致的结果,您可以在单个函数调用中生成随机数,并将其与 rol_dict 中的值进行比较,然后打印相应的结果。这样可以确保在同一次函数调用中进行比较,而不会出现不一致的结果。

以下是修复后的代码:

rol_dict = {0: "value 1", 1: "value 2", 2: "value 3"}

from random import randint  # 导入随机数生成函数

def rol_rand():
    return rol_dict.get(randint(0, 2))

result = rol_rand()

if result == rol_dict.get(0):
    print("value 1")
elif result == rol_dict.get(1):
    print("value 2")
elif result == rol_dict.get(2):
    print("value 3")
else:
    print(result)
    print("rol don't exist")

这样,您可以确保随机数只在 rol_rand() 函数的单次调用中生成,从而获得一致的结果。

英文:
rol_dict = { 0: "value 1", 1: "value 2", 2: "value 3" }

def rol_rand():
    global rol_list
    return rol_dict.get(randint(0, 2))

rol_rand()

if rol_rand() == rol_dict.get(0):
    print("value 1")
elif rol_rand() == rol_dict.get(1):
    print("value 2")
elif rol_rand() == rol_dict.get(2):
    print("value 3")
else:
    print(rol_rand())
    print("rol don't exist")

For this code some times appear this output

value 1
rol don't exist

why???

Why does this behavior occur and what alternatives exist?

答案1

得分: 1

问题在于你实际上调用了 rol_rand 多次,由于它每次返回一个随机数,因此不能保证一致性。

你的当前程序获取一个介于0和2之间的随机数。如果不是0,它会投掷一个新的随机数,然后检查它是否为1。如果不是,它会再次获取一个新的随机数并检查它是否为2。很可能你会得到3个与它们的检查不相对应的值。

为了解决这个问题,你只需要将投掷结果存储在一个变量中,像这样:

from random import randint

rol_dict = { 0: "值 1", 1: "值 2", 2: "值 3" }

def rol_rand():
    return rol_dict.get(randint(0, 2))

saved_roll = rol_rand()

if saved_roll == rol_dict.get(0):
    print("值 1")
elif saved_roll == rol_dict.get(1):
    print("值 2")
elif saved_roll == rol_dict.get(2):
    print("值 3")
else:
    print(saved_roll)
    print("投掷结果不存在")
英文:

The issue lies with the fact that you actually call rol_rand multiple different times, and since it returns a random number every time, there is not guaranteed consistency.

Your current program gets a random number between 0 and 2. If it's not 0, it rolls a new random number, checks if its 1. If not it gets a new random number again and checks if its 2. It's somewhat likely that you get 3 values that don't correspond to their checks.

In order to fix this, you just need to store the roll in a variable like so

from random import randint

rol_dict = { 0: "value 1", 1: "value 2", 2: "value 3" }

def rol_rand():
    return rol_dict.get(randint(0, 2))

saved_roll = rol_rand()

if saved_roll == rol_dict.get(0):
    print("value 1")
elif saved_roll == rol_dict.get(1):
    print("value 2")
elif saved_roll == rol_dict.get(2):
    print("value 3")
else:
    print(saved_roll)
    print("rol don't exist")

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  • 本文由 发表于 2023年7月23日 23:51:01
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