问题

我试图使用PIL编辑指定目录（包括子目录）中的所有图像，然后将编辑后的版本保存在不同位置但具有相同的子目录结构下。

例如 输入:

根目录
|
|---------子目录 1
| |---图像_1
| |---图像_2
| |---图像_3
|
|---------子目录 2
| |---图像_1
| |---图像_2

输出:
{指定目录}
|
|---------子目录 1
| |---编辑后的图像_1
| |---编辑后的图像_2
| |---编辑后的图像_3
|
|---------子目录 2
| |---编辑后的图像_1
| |---编辑后的图像_2

子目录具有相同的名称，并在运行os.walk时创建。

我将其构建为一个函数，以便稍后在Linux终端中调用该函数时更改选项。

```python
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageOps
import os
from os.path import isfile, join

def editimage(image_directory="image_directory",
               version="B", #指定要进行哪个版本的ImageDraw编辑
               resize=False, #选择是否调整图像大小
               new_size=(800,428), #选择新大小
               output_directory="output_directory"):

    for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory):
        for dirname in subdirs:
            if not os.path.exists(output_directory + dirname):
                os.mkdir(output_directory + image_directory + dirname) #这正是我想要的

    for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory):
        for f in files:
            if f.endswith('.JPG'):
                img = Image.open(directory + f)
                draw= ImageDraw.Draw(img)
                if version=="A":
                    draw.ellipse((1823, 1472, 2033, 1536), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                    draw.rectangle((0, 0, 2048, 32), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                    draw.rectangle((0, 1504, 2048, 1536), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                    img=ImageOps.pad(img, size=(2731,1536), color="grey")
                elif version=="B":
                    draw.rectangle((0, 1231, 2304, 1296), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None)
                if resize==True:
                    img = img.resize(new_size)
                else:
                    pass
                img.save(output_directory + "/" + f + ".png")

这样用户可以输入:

editimage("输入路径/", version="A", resize= False, output_directory="输出路径/")

我尝试过使用img.save(output_directory + subdirs + ".png"或为此创建一个变量，但Python返回：TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list，或者希望在输出目录中包含输入目录。它似乎没有遍历每个子目录。

我之前使用了

    imagelist = [join(directory, f)
                 for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory)
                 for f in files
                 if isfile
                 if f.endswith('.JPG')]

    for f in imagelist:
        img = Image.open(f) #等等..

来构建读取和编辑图像，但然后img.save(f)会保留整个路径，并且无法将图像保存到新位置。

函数的其余部分完全正常工作，如果我在img.save行中删除output_directory参数，则会覆盖原始目录（包括子目录）中的图像。直到意识到未使用输出目录时，我没有任何问题。

由于版本A的图像在文件夹之间没有唯一的名称，因此我需要能够重构目录路径。

我该如何修复这个问题？
谢谢！

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I&#39;m trying to edit all images within a specified directory (and subdirs) using PIL, and then save the edited versions in a different location but under the same subdirectory structure.

ie. Input: 

Root directory
|
|---------Subdir 1
| |---Image_1
| |---Image_2
| |---Image_3
|
|---------Subdir 2
| |---Image_1
| |---Image_2

And Output:
{Specified directory}
|
|---------Subdir 1
| |---Edited_Image_1
| |---Edited_Image_2
| |---Edited_Image_3
|
|---------Subdir 2
| |---Edited_Image_1
| |---Edited_Image_2

Where the subdirs share same names, and are created when os.walk is run.

I've constructed this as a function so I can later run it in a Linux terminal with options changed upon calling the function. 

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageOps
import os
from os.path import isfile, join

def editimage(image_directory="image_directory",
version="B", #Specify which version of ImageDraw edit to do
resize=False, #choose whether or not to resize image
new_size=(800,428), #choose new size
output_directory="output_directory"):

for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory):
    for dirname in subdirs:
        if not os.path.exists(output_directory + dirname):
            os.mkdir(output_directory + image_directory + dirname) #This does exactly what I want it to do

for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory):
    for f in files:
        if f.endswith('.JPG'):
            img = Image.open(directory + f)
            draw= ImageDraw.Draw(img)
            if version=="A":
                draw.ellipse((1823, 1472, 2033, 1536), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                draw.rectangle((0, 0, 2048, 32), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                draw.rectangle((0, 1504, 2048, 1536), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None) 
                img=ImageOps.pad(img, size=(2731,1536), color="grey")
            elif version=="B":
                draw.rectangle((0, 1231, 2304, 1296), fill = (0,0,0), outline=None)
            if resize==True:
                img = img.resize(new_size)
            else:
                pass
            img.save(output_directory + "/" + f + ".png")

This would let the user enter:

editimage("Path/to/input/", version="A", resize= False, output_directory="Path/to/output/")

I've tried using `img.save(output_directory + subdirs + ".png"` or creating a variable for that, but Python returns: `TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list`, or otherwise wants the input directory within the output directory. It doesn't seem to walk every subdirectory.

I previously used 

imagelist = [join(directory, f)
             for directory, subdirs, files in os.walk(image_directory)
             for f in files
             if isfile
             if f.endswith('.JPG')]

for f in imagelist:
    img = Image.open(f) #etc..

to construct read and edit the images, but then `img.save(f)` keeps the entire path and cannot save the image to a new location.

The rest of the function works perfectly, and will overwrite images within the original directory (and subdirs) if I remove the output_directory argument in the img.save line. I had no issues until realising that the output directory wasn't being used.

Because the version A set of images are not named uniquely between folders, I need to be able to reconstruct the directory paths.

How can I fix this?
Thanks!


</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 1

以下是代码的翻译部分：

```python
# 导入需要的库
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

# 定义函数 editimage
def editimage(
    image_directory="image_directory",
    version="B",  # 指定要进行的 ImageDraw 编辑版本
    resize=False,  # 选择是否调整图像大小
    new_size=(800, 428),  # 选择新的图像尺寸
    output_directory="output_directory",
):
    for jpg_file in image_directory.rglob("*.jpg"):
        # 将输入文件路径转换为相应的输出文件路径
        relative_path = jpg_file.relative_to(image_directory)
        output_file_path = output_directory / relative_path

        # 如果输出目录不存在，则创建
        output_file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # 对图像进行标注并保存（简化示例）
        with Image.open(jpg_file) as img:
            draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
            draw.ellipse((0, 0, 300, 300), fill=(255, 0, 0), outline=None)
            img.save(output_file_path)

# 调用 editimage 函数
editimage(
    image_directory=Path("Path/to/input/"),
    version="A",
    resize=False,
    output_directory=Path("Path/to/output/"),
)

请注意，我已经将代码中的 HTML 实体编码（如 "）还原为普通的引号。

from pathlib import Path

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw


def editimage(
    image_directory="image_directory",
    version="B",  # Specify which version of ImageDraw edit to do
    resize=False,  # choose whether or not to resize image
    new_size=(800, 428),  # choose new size
    output_directory="output_directory",
):
    for jpg_file in image_directory.rglob("*.jpg"):
        # Translate the input file path to the corresponding output file_path
        relative_path = jpg_file.relative_to(image_directory)
        output_file_path = output_directory / relative_path

        # Create the output directory if it doesn't exist
        output_file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # Annotate the image and save it (simplified example)
        with Image.open(jpg_file) as img:
            draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
            draw.ellipse((0, 0, 300, 300), fill=(255, 0, 0), outline=None)
            img.save(output_file_path)


editimage(
    image_directory=Path("Path/to/input/"),
    version="A",
    resize=False,
    output_directory=Path("Path/to/output/"),
)