Python 电报机器人发送带有按钮的消息

huangapple
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英文:

Python Telegram bot send message with buttons

问题

I'd like to send a message through telegram bot with buttons. Once button is pressed i need to know which button was that and then change the text that came with the button.

I've almost found out how to do things separately but i can't unite them. To send a message with buttons i need either to write /start or have to press a menu button. I need those buttons to appear after the message without user having to press anything.

This is a script that i've found in the official description with added functions to send a message

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # pylint: disable=unused-argument, wrong-import-position
  3. # This program is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 license.
  5. """
  6. Basic example for a bot that uses inline keyboards. For an in-depth explanation, check out
  7.  https://github.com/python-telegram-bot/python-telegram-bot/wiki/InlineKeyboard-Example.
  8. """
  9. import logging
  10. import asyncio
  12. from telegram import __version__ as TG_VER
  14. try:
  15.     from telegram import __version_info__
  16. except ImportError:
  17.     __version_info__ = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # type: ignore[assignment]
  19. if __version_info__ < (20, 0, 0, "alpha", 1):
  20.     raise RuntimeError(
  21.         f"This example is not compatible with your current PTB version {TG_VER}. To view the "
  22.         f"{TG_VER} version of this example, "
  23.         f"visit https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/v{TG_VER}/examples.html"
  24.     )
  25. from telegram import Bot, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, Update
  26. from telegram.ext import ApplicationBuilder, Application, CallbackQueryHandler, CommandHandler, ContextTypes
  28. # Enable logging
  29. logging.basicConfig(
  30.     format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s", level=logging.INFO
  31. )
  32. # set higher logging level for httpx to avoid all GET and POST requests being logged
  33. logging.getLogger("httpx").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
  35. logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  38. async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
  39.     """Sends a message with three inline buttons attached."""
  40.     keyboard = [
  41.         [
  42.             InlineKeyboardButton("Option 1", callback_data="1"),
  43.             InlineKeyboardButton("Option 2", callback_data="2"),
  44.         ],
  45.         [InlineKeyboardButton("Option 3", callback_data="3")],
  46.     ]
  48.     reply_markup = InlineKeyboardMarkup(keyboard)
  50.     await update.message.reply_text("Please choose:", reply_markup=reply_markup)
  53. async def button(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
  54.     """Parses the CallbackQuery and updates the message text."""
  55.     query = update.callback_query
  57.     # CallbackQueries need to be answered, even if no notification to the user is needed
  58.     # Some clients may have trouble otherwise. See https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery
  59.     await query.answer()
  61.     await query.edit_message_text(text=f"Selected option: {query.data}")
  64. async def help_command(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
  65.     """Displays info on how to use the bot."""
  66.     await update.message.reply_text("Use /start to test this bot.")
  68. # using telegram.Bot
  69. async def send(chat, msg):
  70.     await Bot('<TOKEN>').sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg)
  72. # using ApplicationBuilder
  73. async def send_more(chat, msg):
  74.     application = ApplicationBuilder().token('<TOKEN>').build()
  75.     await application.bot.sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg)
  77. def main() -> None:
  78.     """Run the bot."""
  79.     # Create the Application and pass it your bot's token.
  80.     application = Application.builder().token("<TOKEN>").build()
  81.     
  82.     
  83.     # asyncio.run(send_more('<CHAT_ID>', 'Hello there!'))
  84.     
  85.     application.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
  86.     application.add_handler(CallbackQueryHandler(button))
  87.     application.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", help_command))
  89.     asyncio.run(send('<CHAT_ID>', 'Hello there!'))
  90.     # Run the bot until the user presses Ctrl-C
  91.     application.run_polling(allowed_updates=Update.ALL_TYPES)
  93. if __name__ == "__main__":
  94.     main()

The new code:

  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # pylint: disable=unused-argument, wrong-import-position
  3. # This program is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 license.
  5. """
  6. Basic example for a bot that uses inline keyboards. For an in-depth explanation, check out
  7.  https://github.com/python-telegram-bot/python-telegram-bot/wiki/InlineKeyboard-Example.
  8. """
  9. import logging
  11. from telegram import __version__ as TG_VER
  13. try:
  14.     from telegram import __version_info__
  15. except ImportError:
  16.     __version_info__ = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # type: ignore[assignment]
  18. if __version_info__ < (20, 0, 0, "alpha", 1):
  19.     raise RuntimeError(
  20.         f"This example is not compatible with your current PTB version {TG_VER}. To view the "
  21.         f"{TG_VER} version of this example, "
  22.         f"visit https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/v{TG_VER}/examples.html"
  23.     )
  24. from telegram import Bot, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, Update
  25. from telegram.ext import ApplicationBuilder, Application, CallbackQueryHandler, CommandHandler, ContextTypes
  27. # Enable logging
  28. logging.basicConfig(
  29.     format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s", level=logging.INFO
  30. )
  31. # set higher logging level for httpx to avoid all GET and POST requests being logged
  32. logging.getLogger("httpx").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
  34. logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  36. prolong_1y = 0
  37. prolong_2y = 0
  38. noprolong = 0
  40. async def button(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
  41.     """Parses the CallbackQuery and updates the message text."""
  42.     query = update.callback_query
  44.     # CallbackQueries need to be answered, even if no notification to the user is needed
  45.     # Some clients may have trouble otherwise. See https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery
  46.     await query.answer()
  48.     global prolong_1y, prolong_2y, noprolong
  50.     if "prolong_1y" in query:
  51.         prolong_1y = 1
  52.         prolong_2y = 0
  53.         noprolong = 0
  54.     elif "prolong_2y" in query:
  55.         prolong_1y = 0
  56.         prolong_2y = 1
  57.         noprolong = 0
  58.     elif "noprolong" in query:
  59.         prolong_1y = 0
  60.         prolong_2y = 0
  61.         noprolong = 1
  62.         
  63.     await query.edit_message_text(text=f"Selected option: {query.data}")
  65.     print(f"prolong_1y => {prolong_1y}, prolong_2y => {prolong_2y} and noprolong => {noprolong}")
  67. # using telegram.Bot
  68. async def send(chat, msg, reply_markup):
  69.     await Bot('<TOKEN>').sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg, reply_markup=reply_markup)
  71. async def post_init(application:
  73. <details>
  74. <summary>英文:</summary>
  76. i&#39;d like to send a message through telegram bot with buttons. Once button is pressed i need to know which button was that and then change the text that came with the button.
  78. I&#39;ve almost found out how to do things separately but i can&#39;t unite them. To send a message with buttons i need either to write /start or have to press a menu button. I need those buttons to appear after the message without user having to press anything.
  80. This is a script that i&#39;ve found in the official description with added functions to send a message
  82.     #!/usr/bin/env python
  83.     # pylint: disable=unused-argument, wrong-import-position
  84.     # This program is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 license.
  85.     
  86.     &quot;&quot;&quot;
  87.     Basic example for a bot that uses inline keyboards. For an in-depth explanation, check out
  88.      https://github.com/python-telegram-bot/python-telegram-bot/wiki/InlineKeyboard-Example.
  89.     &quot;&quot;&quot;
  90.     import logging
  91.     import asyncio
  92.     
  93.     from telegram import __version__ as TG_VER
  94.     
  95.     try:
  96.         from telegram import __version_info__
  97.     except ImportError:
  98.         __version_info__ = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # type: ignore[assignment]
  99.     
  100.     if __version_info__ &lt; (20, 0, 0, &quot;alpha&quot;, 1):
  101.         raise RuntimeError(
  102.             f&quot;This example is not compatible with your current PTB version {TG_VER}. To view the &quot;
  103.             f&quot;{TG_VER} version of this example, &quot;
  104.             f&quot;visit https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/v{TG_VER}/examples.html&quot;
  105.         )
  106.     from telegram import Bot, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, Update
  107.     from telegram.ext import ApplicationBuilder, Application, CallbackQueryHandler, CommandHandler, ContextTypes
  108.     
  109.     # Enable logging
  110.     logging.basicConfig(
  111.         format=&quot;%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s&quot;, level=logging.INFO
  112.     )
  113.     # set higher logging level for httpx to avoid all GET and POST requests being logged
  114.     logging.getLogger(&quot;httpx&quot;).setLevel(logging.WARNING)
  115.     
  116.     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  117.     
  118.     
  119.     async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -&gt; None:
  120.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Sends a message with three inline buttons attached.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  121.         keyboard = [
  122.             [
  123.                 InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 1&quot;, callback_data=&quot;1&quot;),
  124.                 InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 2&quot;, callback_data=&quot;2&quot;),
  125.             ],
  126.             [InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 3&quot;, callback_data=&quot;3&quot;)],
  127.         ]
  128.     
  129.         reply_markup = InlineKeyboardMarkup(keyboard)
  130.     
  131.         await update.message.reply_text(&quot;Please choose:&quot;, reply_markup=reply_markup)
  132.     
  133.     
  134.     async def button(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -&gt; None:
  135.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Parses the CallbackQuery and updates the message text.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  136.         query = update.callback_query
  137.     
  138.         # CallbackQueries need to be answered, even if no notification to the user is needed
  139.         # Some clients may have trouble otherwise. See https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery
  140.         await query.answer()
  141.     
  142.         await query.edit_message_text(text=f&quot;Selected option: {query.data}&quot;)
  143.     
  144.     
  145.     async def help_command(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -&gt; None:
  146.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Displays info on how to use the bot.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  147.         await update.message.reply_text(&quot;Use /start to test this bot.&quot;)
  148.     
  149.     # using telegram.Bot
  150.     async def send(chat, msg):
  151.         await Bot(&#39;&lt;TOKEN&gt;&#39;).sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg)
  152.     
  153.     # using ApplicationBuilder
  154.     async def send_more(chat, msg):
  155.         application = ApplicationBuilder().token(&#39;&lt;TOKEN&gt;&#39;).build()
  156.         await application.bot.sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg)
  157.     
  158.     def main() -&gt; None:
  159.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Run the bot.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  160.         # Create the Application and pass it your bot&#39;s token.
  161.         application = Application.builder().token(&quot;&lt;TOKEN&gt;&quot;).build()
  162.         
  163.         
  164.         # asyncio.run(send_more(&#39;&lt;CHAT_ID&gt;&#39;, &#39;Hello there!&#39;))
  165.         
  166.         application.add_handler(CommandHandler(&quot;start&quot;, start))
  167.         application.add_handler(CallbackQueryHandler(button))
  168.         application.add_handler(CommandHandler(&quot;help&quot;, help_command))
  169.     
  170.         asyncio.run(send(&#39;&lt;CHAT_ID&gt;&#39;, &#39;Hello there!&#39;))
  171.         # Run the bot until the user presses Ctrl-C
  172.         application.run_polling(allowed_updates=Update.ALL_TYPES)
  173.     
  174.     if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:
  175.         main()
  178. &lt;&lt;&lt; EDIT &gt;&gt;&gt;
  180. The new code:
  182.     #!/usr/bin/env python
  183.     # pylint: disable=unused-argument, wrong-import-position
  184.     # This program is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 license.
  185.     
  186.     &quot;&quot;&quot;
  187.     Basic example for a bot that uses inline keyboards. For an in-depth explanation, check out
  188.      https://github.com/python-telegram-bot/python-telegram-bot/wiki/InlineKeyboard-Example.
  189.     &quot;&quot;&quot;
  190.     import logging
  191.     
  192.     from telegram import __version__ as TG_VER
  193.     
  194.     try:
  195.         from telegram import __version_info__
  196.     except ImportError:
  197.         __version_info__ = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # type: ignore[assignment]
  198.     
  199.     if __version_info__ &lt; (20, 0, 0, &quot;alpha&quot;, 1):
  200.         raise RuntimeError(
  201.             f&quot;This example is not compatible with your current PTB version {TG_VER}. To view the &quot;
  202.             f&quot;{TG_VER} version of this example, &quot;
  203.             f&quot;visit https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/v{TG_VER}/examples.html&quot;
  204.         )
  205.     from telegram import Bot, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, Update
  206.     from telegram.ext import ApplicationBuilder, Application, CallbackQueryHandler, CommandHandler, ContextTypes
  207.     
  208.     # Enable logging
  209.     logging.basicConfig(
  210.         format=&quot;%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s&quot;, level=logging.INFO
  211.     )
  212.     # set higher logging level for httpx to avoid all GET and POST requests being logged
  213.     logging.getLogger(&quot;httpx&quot;).setLevel(logging.WARNING)
  214.     
  215.     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  216.     
  217.     prolong_1y = 0
  218.     prolong_2y = 0
  219.     noprolong = 0
  220.     
  221.     async def button(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -&gt; None:
  222.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Parses the CallbackQuery and updates the message text.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  223.         query = update.callback_query
  224.     
  225.         # CallbackQueries need to be answered, even if no notification to the user is needed
  226.         # Some clients may have trouble otherwise. See https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery
  227.         await query.answer()
  228.     
  229.         global prolong_1y, prolong_2y, noprolong
  230.     
  231.         if &quot;prolong_1y&quot; in query:
  232.             prolong_1y = 1
  233.             prolong_2y = 0
  234.             noprolong = 0
  235.         elif &quot;prolong_2y&quot; in query:
  236.             prolong_1y = 0
  237.             prolong_2y = 1
  238.             noprolong = 0
  239.         elif &quot;noprolong&quot; in query:
  240.             prolong_1y = 0
  241.             prolong_2y = 0
  242.             noprolong = 1
  243.             
  244.         await query.edit_message_text(text=f&quot;Selected option: {query.data}&quot;)
  245.     
  246.         print(f&quot;prolong_1y =&gt; {prolong_1y}, prolong_2y =&gt; {prolong_2y} and noprolong =&gt; {noprolong}&quot;)
  247.         
  248.     # using telegram.Bot
  249.     async def send(chat, msg, reply_markup):
  250.         await Bot(&#39;&lt;TOKEN&gt;&#39;).sendMessage(chat_id=chat, text=msg, reply_markup=reply_markup)
  251.     
  252.     async def post_init(application: Application) -&gt; None:
  253.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Sends a message with three inline buttons attached.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  254.         keyboard = [
  255.             [
  256.                 InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 1&quot;, callback_data=&quot;prolong_1y&quot;),
  257.                 InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 2&quot;, callback_data=&quot;prolong_2y&quot;),
  258.             ],
  259.             [InlineKeyboardButton(&quot;Option 3&quot;, callback_data=&quot;noprolong&quot;)],
  260.         ]
  261.         
  262.         reply_markup = InlineKeyboardMarkup(keyboard)
  263.     
  264.         await send(&#39;&lt;CHAT_ID&gt;&#39;, &#39;Hello there!&#39;, reply_markup)
  265.         
  266.     def main() -&gt; None:
  267.         &quot;&quot;&quot;Run the bot.&quot;&quot;&quot;
  268.         # Create the Application and pass it your bot&#39;s token.
  269.         application = Application.builder().token(&quot;&lt;TOKEN&gt;&quot;).post_init(post_init).build()
  270.     
  271.         application.add_handler(CallbackQueryHandler(button))
  272.     
  273.         # Run the bot until the user presses Ctrl-C
  274.         application.run_polling(allowed_updates=Update.ALL_TYPES)
  275.     
  276.     if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:
  277.         main()
  280. The error that i receive after pressing on either Choice button:
  282.     2023-07-19 13:50:13,278 - apscheduler.scheduler - INFO - Scheduler started
  283.     2023-07-19 13:50:13,278 - telegram.ext.Application - INFO - Application started
  284.     2023-07-19 13:50:16,557 - telegram.ext.Application - ERROR - No error handlers are registered, logging exception.
  285.     Traceback (most recent call last):
  286.       File &quot;/home/admin2/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/telegram/ext/_application.py&quot;, line 1173, in process_update
  287.         await coroutine
  288.       File &quot;/home/admin2/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/telegram/ext/_basehandler.py&quot;, line 141, in handle_update
  289.         return await self.callback(update, context)
  290.                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  291.       File &quot;/media/smb_general/Адміністрування/Source/ElReports/elreports/inlinekeyboard.py&quot;, line 50, in button
  292.         if &quot;prolong_1y&quot; in query:
  293.            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  294.       File &quot;/home/admin2/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/telegram/_telegramobject.py&quot;, line 247, in __getitem__
  295.         return getattr(self, item)
  296.                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  297.     TypeError: attribute name must be string, not &#39;int&#39;
  299. &lt;&lt;&lt; EDIT 2 &gt;&gt;&gt;
  301. Silly me, changed query to query.data now everything works!
  303. </details>
  306. # 答案1
  307. **得分**: 2
  309. 如果你想在`send`中发送的消息中附加按钮，只需使用`send_message`的[相应参数](https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/stable/telegram.bot.html#telegram.Bot.send_message.params.reply_markup)即可。请注意，`start`中使用的`message.reply_text`仅是该方法的快捷方式。
  311. 此外，你无需在`send`中手动初始化一个机器人，也无需通过`asyncio.run`手动运行该方法。我建议改为使用`post_init`，它允许作为`application.run_polling`的启动逻辑的一部分运行自定义逻辑。
  313. 免责声明：我目前是`python-telegram-bot`的维护者。
  315. <details>
  316. <summary>英文:</summary>
  318. If you want to attach buttons to the message sent in `send`, you can just use the [corresponding parameter of `send_message`](https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/stable/telegram.bot.html#telegram.Bot.send_message.params.reply_markup) for that. Not that [`message.reply_text`](https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/stable/telegram.message.html#telegram.Message.reply_text) as used in `start` is just a shortcut for that method.
  320. Moreover, you don&#39;t need to manually initialize a bot in `send` and to manually run that method via `asyncio.run`. I recommend to instead make use of [`post_init`](https://docs.python-telegram-bot.org/en/stable/telegram.ext.applicationbuilder.html#telegram.ext.ApplicationBuilder.post_init) which allows to run a custom logic as part of the startup logic of `application.run_polling`.
  322. ---
  324. Disclaimer: I&#39;m currently the maintainer of `python-telegram-bot`.
  326. </details>

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2023年7月17日 22:19:19
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/76705388.html
  • python
  • python-telegram-bot
  • telegram
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