英文:
How to use awk to prepend as string AND append the substring found after the last occurance of "/" for each line in a file
问题
我有一个名为myfile.sh的文件，内容如下：
tests/test1
tests/test2
tests/test3
我想要对这个文件执行两项操作：
1. 在每一行前面添加字符串"abc "
2. 在每一行后面添加该行中最后一个"/"后面的内容
因此，我的新文件应该如下所示：
abc tests/test1 test1
abc tests/test2 test2
abc tests/test3 test3
到目前为止，我已经能够完成上述操作的第一步，并且我能够找到每一行中最后一个"/"后面的字符串。我在Windows上使用GitBash执行这些操作，因此我使用双引号而不是单引号：
awk "{print "abc " $0}" myfile.txt > mynewfile.txt
这会在每一行前面添加字符串"abc "。
awk -F/ "{print $NF}" myfile.txt > mynewfile.txt
这会找到每一行中最后一个"/"后面的字符串。
但是，我不知道如何执行第二步以获得所需的文件。
英文:
I have a file myfile.sh like this:
tests/test1
tests/test2
tests/test3
I would like to do 2 things with this file:
- prepend each line with "abc " string
- append each line with whatever is found after the last occurrence of "/" on that line
So, my new file would need to look like:
abc tests/test1 test1
abc tests/test2 test2
abc tests/test3 test3
So far I am able to do #1 above and I am able to find the strings after the last occurrence of "/" on each line. I am doing this on Windows using GitBash, hence I use double quotes instead of single quotes:
awk "{print \"abc \" $0}" myfile.txt> mynewfile.txt
,this prepends each line with string "abc ".
awk -F/ "{print $NF}" myfile.txt> mynewfile.txt
, this finds string after the last occurrence of "/" on each line.
So, that is all good but I don't know how to do #2 to get to the desired file
答案1
得分: 3
你可以使用以下awk命令来将静态字符串打印为第一列，并使用/作为FS来打印最后一列：
awk -F/ 'NF {print "abc", $0, $NF}' file
abc tests/test1 test1
abc tests/test2 test2
abc tests/test3 test3
我已将NF用作条件（仅对非空行执行操作）。
OP 在Windows上必须在awk命令周围使用"，所以这里是：
# 适用于Windows / DOS系统
awk -F/ ""NF {print \"abc\", $0, $NF}"" file
# 适用于基于Unix的系统
awk -F/ ""NF {print \"abc\", \$0, $NF}"" file
如Ed建议的，最好将awk脚本保存在文件中，然后将其用作awk脚本，以避免引号转义：
cat script.awk
NF {print "abc", $0, $NF}
awk -F/ -f script.awk file
或者，以下是执行相同操作的sed命令：
sed -E ""s~.*/(.*)~abc & \~"" file
英文:
You may use this awk command to print a static string as first column and using / as FS print last column:
awk -F/ 'NF {print "abc", $0, $NF}' file
abc tests/test1 test1
abc tests/test2 test2
abc tests/test3 test3
I have used NF as condition (to do it only for non-empty lines).
OP has to use " around awk command on Windows, so here it is:
# for Windows / DOS systems
awk -F/ "NF {print \"abc\", $0, $NF}" file
# for Unix based system
awk -F/ "NF {print \"abc\", $0, $NF}" file
As suggested by Ed, better to save awk script in a file and use that as awk script to avoid quotes escaping:
cat script.awk
NF {print "abc", $0, $NF}
awk -F/ -f script.awk file
Alternatively here is a sed command to do the same:
sed -E "s~.*/(.*)~abc & \\1~" file
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