英文:
How to run a built in shell command using golang
问题
我正在尝试在Golang中运行一个内置的shell命令并获取结果。
以下是代码：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os/exec"
)
func main(){
cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c", "history")
stdout, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Println(string(stdout))
}
然而，我只得到输出：
exit status 127
任何帮助将不胜感激。
英文:
I am trying to run a built in shell command in golang and get the result.
Here is the code:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os/exec"
)
func main(){
cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c", "history")
stdout, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Println(string(stdout))
}
However i just get the output:
exit status 127
Any help would be appreciated.
答案1
得分: 2
"bash", "-c" 创建一个非交互式的 bash，接下来的命令将在非交互式环境下运行。根据我的研究，非交互式 shell 不支持启用历史记录。这就是为什么仅使用 "bash", "-c", "history" 命令时，输出为空的原因。
我找到的解决方法如下：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os/exec"
)
func main(){
cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "history -r ~/.bash_history; history")
stdout, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Println(string(stdout))
}
如果你使用的是其他 shell，可能需要将 bash 和 ~/.bash_history 替换为相应的值。我不确定 :/
详细信息：
如何在给定 HISTFILE 路径的非交互式 shell 中查看 history 的输出？
bash -c 和非交互式 shell
为什么在脚本文件中 history 命令无效？
如果我提供的任何信息有误，请告诉我。我根据我在“详细信息”下发布的网站内容给出了这个答案。
英文:
"bash", "-c" creates a bash that is non-interactive and its next commands will run assuming non-interactive. And according to my researches history is not enabled for non-interactive shells. That is why history command alone outputs nothing with "bash", "-c", "history"
The workaround that I found:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os/exec"
)
func main(){
cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "history -r ~/.bash_history; history")
stdout, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Println(string(stdout))
}
Maybe you need replace the bash and ~/.bash_history with corresponding values that is related with another shell, if you are using another shell. I don't know :/
Details:
How to view the output of history from a non-interactive shell given path to HISTFILE?
bash -c and noninteractive shell
Why does the history command do nothing in a script file?
If my given any information is wrong please notify me. I have made this answer according to the sites that I posted under Details.
答案2
得分: 1
问题在于 sh -c history 不起作用。你启动的 shell 没有该命令。history 不是一个标准的 POSIX 命令。
你可能在一个 /bin/sh 恰好是 Dash 的系统上。
如果 sh 恰好是 Bash，history 命令将成功执行，即使 Bash 被作为 sh 调用；Bash 在 POSIX 模式下不隐藏该命令。
在我这里的一个系统上：
$ sh -c history
sh: 1: history: not found
$ dash -c history
dash: 1: history: not found
$ bash -c history
$ bash --posix -c history
$ bash --posix -c history
$ ln -sf /bin/bash ./sh
$ ./sh -c history
$ rm sh
英文:
The problem is that sh -c history doesn't work. The shell you're launching doesn't have that command. history is not a standard POSIX command.
You might be on a system where /bin/sh happens to be Dash.
If sh happens to be Bash, the history command will successfully execute, even if Bash is invoked as sh; Bash doesn't hide that command in POSIX mode.
On a system I have here:
$ sh -c history
sh: 1: history: not found
$ dash -c history
dash: 1: history: not found
$ bash -c history
$ bash --posix -c history
$ bash --posix -c history
$ ln -sf /bin/bash ./sh
$ ./sh -c history
$ rm sh
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