你为什么能够透过PyOpenGL中的物体看到它们？

huangapple
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英文:

Why can I see through my objects in PyOpenGL?

问题

你的代码中的问题可能与深度测试相关。要解决透视问题，你可以尝试在初始化OpenGL时启用深度测试。在main() 函数的初始化部分添加以下代码：

  1. glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

这将启用深度测试，确保对象在渲染时按深度顺序绘制，从而避免透视问题。

另外，确保你的物体的顶点数据是按照正确的顺序绘制的，以确保深度测试有效。如果仍然存在问题，你可能需要检查物体的法线方向以及光照设置，以确保它们正确渲染。

最后，如果问题仍然存在，你可能需要检查OpenGL状态和渲染引擎的其他设置，以确保没有其他因素导致透视问题。

请注意，透视问题通常是与OpenGL的设置和渲染顺序有关，而不仅仅是Blender模型的问题。如果你按照正确的步骤配置OpenGL并检查了上述建议，应该能够解决透视问题。

英文:

I have some PyOpenGL code:

  1. import pygame
  2. from pygame.locals import *
  3. from OpenGL.GL import *
  4. from OpenGL.GLU import *
  5. from larry import Larry
  6. from warpedcube import WarpedCube
  7. import renderengine
  8. from cube import Cube
  9. from spear import Spear
  11. # Define camera variables
  12. camera_x = 0.0
  13. camera_y = 0.0
  14. camera_z = -5.0
  15. camera_rotation = 0.0
  17. def resize_viewport(width, height):
  18.     glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
  19.     glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
  20.     glLoadIdentity()
  21.     gluPerspective(45, (width / height), 0.1, 50.0)
  22.     glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
  23.     glLoadIdentity()
  25. def handle_camera_movement():
  26.     global camera_x, camera_y, camera_z, camera_rotation
  28.     # Get the state of the keyboard
  29.     keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
  31.     # Camera movement speed
  32.     camera_speed = 0.1
  34.     # Move the camera based on the arrow key inputs
  35.     if keys[K_w]:
  36.         camera_z += camera_speed
  37.     if keys[K_d]:
  38.         camera_z -= camera_speed
  39.     if keys[K_a]:
  40.         camera_x -= camera_speed
  41.     if keys[K_d]:
  42.         camera_x += camera_speed
  44.     # Get the state of the mouse
  45.     mouse_rel = pygame.mouse.get_rel()
  46.     mouse_rel_x = mouse_rel[0]
  48.     # Rotate the camera based on the mouse movement
  49.     camera_rotation += mouse_rel_x * 0.1
  53. def main():
  54.     pygame.init()
  55.     display = (800, 600)
  56.     pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF | OPENGL | RESIZABLE)
  57.     resize_viewport(display[0], display[1])
  59.     meshes = []
  60.     render_engine = renderengine.RenderEngine(meshes)
  61.     render_engine.addMesh(Larry, (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0))
  62.     render_engine.addMesh(Spear, (2, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0))
  64.     clock = pygame.time.Clock()
  66.     while True:
  67.         for event in pygame.event.get():
  68.             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
  69.                 pygame.quit()
  70.                 quit()
  71.             elif event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE:
  72.                 display = event.size
  73.                 resize_viewport(display[0], display[1])
  75.         handle_camera_movement()
  77.         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
  79.         # Apply camera transformations
  80.         glLoadIdentity()
  81.         gluLookAt(camera_x, camera_y, camera_z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
  82.         glRotatef(camera_rotation, 0, 1, 0)
  84.         render_engine.renderMeshes()
  86.         pygame.display.flip()
  87.         clock.tick(60)
  89. # Run the game!
  90. main()
  1. from OpenGL.GL import *
  2. from OpenGL.GLU import *
  4. class Mesh:
  5.     def __init__(self, pos, rotation):
  6.         self.vertices = ()
  7.         self.edges = ()
  8.         self.pos = pos
  9.         self.rotation = rotation
  10.         self.colors = ()
  11.         self.surfaces = ()
  12.     
  13.     def render(self):
  14.         glTranslatef(self.pos[0], self.pos[1], self.pos[2])
  15.         glRotatef(self.rotation[0], self.rotation[1], self.rotation[2], self.rotation[3])
  17.         glBegin(GL_QUADS)
  18.         for surface in self.surfaces:
  19.             x = 0
  20.             for vertex in surface:
  21.                 x = x +1
  22.                 glColor3fv(self.colors[x])
  23.                 glVertex3fv(self.vertices[vertex])
  24.         glEnd()
  26.         glBegin(GL_LINES)
  27.         for edge in self.edges:
  28.             for vertex in edge:
  29.                 glVertex3fv(self.vertices[vertex])
  30.         glEnd()
  1. #This code takes an OBJ file and turns it into a format I can use for my game
  2. def convert_obj_to_points_surfaces_and_edges(obj_file):
  3.     points = []
  4.     surfaces = []
  5.     edges = set()
  7.     with open(obj_file, 'r') as file:
  8.         for line in file:
  9.             if line.startswith('v '):
  10.                 vertex = line.strip().split()[1:]
  11.                 vertex = tuple(map(float, vertex))
  12.                 points.append(vertex)
  13.             elif line.startswith('f '):
  14.                 surface = line.strip().split()[1:]
  15.                 surface = [int(vertex.split('/')[0]) - 1 for vertex in surface]
  17.                 # Check the winding direction of the surface
  18.                 if not is_surface_clockwise(surface, points):
  19.                     surface = list(reversed(surface))
  21.                 surfaces.append(tuple(surface))
  23.                 # Generate edges from the surface
  24.                 for i in range(len(surface)):
  25.                     edge = (surface[i], surface[(i + 1) % len(surface)])
  26.                     edges.add(tuple(sorted(edge)))
  28.     return points, surfaces, list(edges)
  31. def is_surface_clockwise(surface, points):
  32.     # Calculate the signed area of the surface
  33.     area = 0.0
  34.     for i in range(len(surface)):
  35.         v1 = points[surface[i]]
  36.         v2 = points[surface[(i + 1) % len(surface)]]
  37.         area += (v2[0] - v1[0]) * (v2[1] + v1[1])
  39.     # Check the sign of the area to determine the winding direction
  40.     return area >= 0.0
  42. # Usage example
  43. obj_file = input("OBJ File: ")
  44. points, surfaces, edges = convert_obj_to_points_surfaces_and_edges(obj_file)
  45. print("Points:")
  46. print(points)
  47. print("Surfaces:")
  48. print(surfaces)
  49. print("Edges:")
  50. print(edges)
  1. from mesh import Mesh
  3. class Larry(Mesh):
  4.     def __init__(self, pos, rotation):
  5.         super().__init__(pos, rotation)
  6.         self.vertices = ((-0.231012, 4.429499, -0.86453), (0.235075, -0.904579, -1.261621), (-0.341033, 4.744262, -0.056556), (0.304412, 3.946776, -1.238979), (0.774998, -1.199254, -0.893162), (1.203292, 3.85893, -0.539944), (1.28265, -0.996872, -0.16664), (1.088736, 4.024172, 0.589252), (0.55723, 4.660621, -0.288246), (0.380585, -1.749349, 0.002136), (0.844691, -0.914622, 1.019827), (0.387678, 3.790498, 1.242065), (-0.309286, -0.875632, 1.264355), (-0.176239, -1.54508, 0.788108), (-0.055953, 4.547951, 0.827892), (-0.603082, 3.932153, 1.126323), (-1.099868, -0.882433, 0.700272), (-1.242486, 4.004383, 0.195455), (-0.384412, -1.740398, 0.207738), (-1.231312, -1.005803, -0.255771), (-0.902459, 4.000164, -0.883229), (-0.728425, -0.728341, -1.126776), (-0.347402, -1.506015, -0.781873), (1.025894, 3.772904, -0.968067), (1.039972, 3.418759, -1.110369), (0.795936, 3.986678, -1.076115), (0.715457, 3.221713, -1.161545), (0.823535, 3.542591, -0.561156), (0.715258, 3.287505, -0.639371), (0.467648, 3.893744, -0.683583), (0.224674, 3.600287, -0.882727), (0.508783, 3.76569, -1.344666), (0.370808, 3.279565, -1.075454), (-0.691137, 3.376753, -1.341618), (-0.591995, 3.225636, -1.151239), (-0.614602, 4.007747, -1.000307), (-0.240785, 3.643576, -1.200423), (-0.206438, 3.793073, -0.913614), (-0.332865, 3.248648, -0.910799), (-0.45043, 3.464775, -0.580573), (-0.551495, 3.911132, -0.665671), (-0.8517, 3.29021, -0.779843), (-1.021075, 3.676092, -0.931031), (-0.712928, 3.818214, -1.301324), (-0.60438, 3.606557, -1.429486), (-0.445738, 3.669789, -1.270528), (-0.5085, 3.529455, -1.045165), (-0.555707, 3.828574, -1.158618), (-0.798977, 3.643018, -1.008046), (-0.856286, 3.681354, -1.283398), (-0.644632, 3.415343, -1.222406), (0.592447, 3.436328, -1.183199), (0.718815, 3.60458, -1.445182), (0.682996, 3.833877, -1.198205), (0.866836, 3.474671, -1.095717), (0.848225, 3.810788, -1.200828), (0.659705, 3.664495, -0.993135), (0.480128, 3.65747, -1.225691))
  8.         self.edges = ((22, 1, 4), (5, 6, 4), (8, 5, 3), (4, 6, 9), (6, 10, 7), (13, 10, 9), (9, 18, 13), (10, 12, 11), (12, 16, 15), (17, 14, 15), (13, 18, 16), (16, 19, 17), (2, 20, 17), (20, 21, 19), (19, 21, 22), (18, 22, 9), (22, 21, 1), (3, 1, 21), (0, 8, 3), (0, 2, 8), (9, 22, 4), (5, 8, 7), (6, 7, 5), (10, 6, 9), (7, 14, 8), (11, 14, 7), (10, 11, 7), (14, 2, 8), (13, 12, 10), (11, 15, 14), (15, 11, 12), (13, 16, 12), (16, 17, 15), (17, 2, 14), (18, 19, 16), (17, 20, 19), (18, 19, 22), (2, 0, 20), (20, 0, 3), (20, 3, 21), (4, 1, 3, 5), (31, 25, 24), (28, 30, 29), (32, 28, 26), (31, 26, 32), (43, 35, 36), (36, 35, 37), (38, 39, 37), (41, 38, 34), (38, 41, 39), (41, 40, 39), (40, 42, 35), (35, 43, 42), (42, 43, 33), (41, 33, 34), (29, 25, 23, 27), (26, 31, 24), (25, 23, 24), (26, 28, 24), (27, 23, 24), (28, 27, 24), (28, 29, 27), (32, 30, 28), (30, 29, 31), (32, 30, 31), (29, 25, 31), (33, 43, 36), (33, 36, 38), (34, 33, 38), (37, 40, 35), (38, 37, 36), (40, 37, 39), (42, 40, 41), (42, 33, 41), (44, 47, 45), (44, 45, 46), (44, 46, 50), (48, 49, 47), (46, 47, 45), (48, 47, 46), (50, 48, 46), (50, 49, 48), (49, 44, 50), (49, 47, 44), (53, 55, 52), (51, 52, 54), (52, 55, 54), (56, 53, 55), (57, 53, 56), (56, 55, 54), (51, 56, 54), (51, 57, 56), (57, 53, 52), (51, 57, 52))
  10.         self.colors = (
  11.             (0, 0.1, 0),
  12.             (0, 0.2, 0),
  13.             (0, 0.3, 0),
  14.             (0, 0.4, 0),
  15.             (0, 0.5, 0),
  16.             (0, 0.6, 0),
  17.             (0, 0.7, 0),
  18.             (0, 0.8, 0),
  19.             (0, 0.9, 0),
  20.             (0, 0.99, 0),
  21.             (0, 0.999, 0),
  22.             (0, 1, 0)
  23.         )
  24.         self.surfaces = ((22, 1, 4), (5, 6, 4), (8, 5, 3), (4, 6, 9), (6, 10, 7), (13, 10, 9), (9, 18, 13), (10, 12, 11), (12, 16, 15), (17, 14, 15), (13, 18, 16), (16, 19, 17), (2, 20, 17), (20, 21, 19), (19, 21, 22), (18, 22, 9), (22, 21, 1), (3, 1, 21), (0, 8, 3), (0, 2, 8), (9, 22, 4), (5, 8, 7), (6, 7, 5), (10, 6, 9), (7, 14, 8), (11, 14, 7), (10, 11, 7), (14, 2, 8), (13, 12, 10), (11, 15, 14), (15, 11, 12), (13, 16, 12), (16, 17, 15), (17, 2, 14), (18, 19, 16), (17, 20, 19), (18, 19, 22), (2, 0, 20), (20, 0, 3), (20, 3, 21), (4, 1, 3, 5), (31, 25, 24), (28, 30, 29), (32, 28, 26), (31, 26, 32), (43, 35, 36), (36, 35, 37), (38, 39, 37), (41, 38, 34), (38, 41, 39), (41, 40, 39), (40, 42, 35), (35, 43, 42), (42, 43, 33), (41, 33, 34), (29, 25, 23, 27), (26, 31, 24), (25, 23, 24), (26, 28, 24), (27, 23, 24), (28, 27, 24), (28, 29, 27), (32, 30, 28), (30, 29, 31), (32, 30, 31), (29, 25, 31), (33, 43, 36), (33, 36, 38), (34, 33, 38), (37, 40, 35), (38, 37, 36), (40, 37, 39), (42, 40, 41), (42, 33, 41), (44, 47, 45), (44, 45, 46), (44, 46, 50), (48, 49, 47), (46, 47, 45), (48, 47, 46), (50, 48, 46), (50, 49, 48), (49, 44, 50), (49, 47, 44), (53, 55, 52), (51, 52, 54), (52, 55, 54), (56, 53, 55), (57, 53, 56), (56, 55, 54), (51, 56, 54), (51, 57, 56), (57, 53, 52), (51, 57, 52))
  1. from mesh import Mesh
  2. class Spear (Mesh):
  3.     def __init__(self, pos, rotation):
  4.         super().__init__(pos, rotation)
  5.         self.vertices = ((-0.077482, -0.077482, 0.650129), (-0.077482, 0.077482, 0.650129), (-0.077482, -0.077482, -0.69948), (-0.077482, 0.077482, -0.69948), (0.077482, -0.077482, 0.650129), (0.077482, 0.077482, 0.650129), (0.077482, -0.077482, -0.69948), (0.077482, 0.077482, -0.69948), (-0.077482, 0.0, -0.69948), (0.0, -0.077482, -0.69948), (0.0, 0.077482, -0.69948), (0.077482, 0.0, -0.69948), (0.0, 0.0, -0.893731))
  6.         
  7.         '''self.colors = (
  8.             (0.1, 0.1, 0.1),
  9.             (0.2, 0.2, 0.2),
  10.             (0.3, 0.3, 0.3),
  11.             (0.4, 0.4, 0.4),
  12.             (0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
  13.             (0.6, 0.6, 0.6),
  14.             (0.7, 0.7, 0.7),
  15.             (0.8, 0.8, 0.8),
  16.             (0.9, 0.9, 0.9),
  17.             (0.99, 0.99, 0.99),
  18.             (0.999, 0.999, 0.999),
  19.             (1, 1, 1)
  20.         )'''
  21.         self.colors = (
  22.             (1, 1, 1),
  23.             (1, 1, 1),
  24.             (1, 1, 1),
  25.             (1, 1, 1),
  26.             (1, 1, 1),
  27.             (1, 1, 1),
  28.             (1, 1, 1),
  29.             (1, 1, 1),
  30.             (1, 1, 1),
  31.             (1, 1, 1),
  32.             (1, 1, 1),
  33.             (1, 1, 1)
  34.         )
  35.         
  36.         
  37.         self.edges = ((4, 6), (3, 10), (5, 7), (0, 2), (8, 12), (10, 12), (1, 3), (2, 8), (6, 11), (7, 10), (4, 5), (0, 1), (0, 4), (1, 5), (3, 8), (9, 12), (11, 12), (2, 9), (7, 11), (6, 9))
  38.         
  39.         self.surfaces = ((0, 1, 3, 8, 2), (12, 10, 7, 11), (6, 11, 7, 5, 4), (0, 1, 5, 4), (2, 9, 6, 4, 0), (7, 10, 3, 1, 5), (9, 12, 11, 6), (2, 8, 12, 9), (8, 3, 10, 12))
  1. class RenderEngine:
  2.     def __init__(self, meshes):
  3.         self.meshes = meshes
  4.     
  5.     def addMesh(self, mesh, pos, rotation):
  6.         self.meshes.append(mesh(pos, rotation))
  8.     def removeMesh(self, meshIndex):
  9.         self.meshes.remove(meshIndex)
  10.     
  11.     def renderMeshes(self):
  12.         for mesh in self.meshes:
  13.             mesh.render()

When I run my code, I can see through my objects, as if they are transparent. How do I prevent this from happening? I also have made all the objects in Blender, and followed this tutorial:

https://pythonprogramming.net/opengl-rotating-cube-example-pyopengl-tutorial/

Also, is this a problem with my code, or do I need to add more code?

答案1

得分: 0

你需要使用以下代码启用深度测试：

  1. glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
英文:

You have to enable the Depth Test with

  1. glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2023年6月30日 00:52:44
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/76583111.html
  • 3d
  • pyopengl
  • python
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