JavaScript中的不正确答案是使用`[]`和`set`与`get`来操作Map。

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英文:

Incorrect answers with [] and set&get of javascript map

问题

我对以下 JavaScript 代码感到惊讶:

var mp1 = new Map();
mp1[1] = 'apple';
mp1[2] = 'bat';

console.log(mp1.size);
console.log(mp1.set(1, 'test'));
console.log('using get', mp1.get(1));
console.log('using[]', mp1[1])
console.log('------------');

var mp2 = new Map();
mp2.set(1, 'match');
mp2.set(2, 'testing');

console.log(mp2.size);
console.log('using []', mp2[1])
console.log('using get', mp2.get(1))

上述代码的执行结果如下:

0
[object Map]
using get "test"
using[] "apple"
------------

2
undefined
"using []" undefined
"using get" "match"

在 mp1 对象中,大小显示为 0,但在 mp2 中,大小正确显示。此外,对于相同的键,[]set & get 返回了不同的答案。有人能够解释这个现象吗?

英文:

I was amazed by the following code in javascript

<!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false -->

<!-- language: lang-js -->

var mp1 = new Map();
mp1[1] = &#39;apple&#39;;
mp1[2] = &#39;bat&#39;;

console.log(mp1.size);
console.log(mp1.set(1, &#39;test&#39;));
console.log(&#39;using get&#39;, mp1.get(1));
console.log(&#39;using[]&#39;, mp1[1])
console.log(&#39;------------&#39;);

var mp2 = new Map();
mp2.set(1, &#39;match&#39;);
mp2.set(2, &#39;testing&#39;);

console.log(mp2.size);
console.log(&#39;using []&#39;, mp2[1])
console.log(&#39;using get&#39;, mp2.get(1))

<!-- end snippet -->

Following result obtained for the above code

0
[object Map]
using get &quot;test&quot;
using[] &quot;apple&quot;

2
undefined
&quot;using []&quot; undefined
&quot;using get&quot; &quot;match&quot;

In mp1 object the size is shown as 0 but in mp2 the size is showing correctly. Also for the same key [] and set&get gave different answers. Can someone provide an explanation for this?

答案1

得分: 2

Map不是一个通常的JS对象,你不能像map[key] = value那样向其添加键。你应该使用Map的方法。

当你使用map[key] = val时,你只是向Map的实例添加属性(在JS中,你可以对任何实例这样做,例如,你可以向函数添加属性)。但是你并没有以这种方式向Map的内容添加任何键/值对。

因此,你应该只使用Map::set()来处理Map的内容。

我猜这种误导可能也会发生在使用localStorage后,你可以实际上使用实例属性来处理内容。但是再次强调,不推荐使用localStorage::setItem()

你可以轻松检查你没有向地图添加任何内容:

const map = new Map;
map.test = true;

console.log([...map.entries()]);

希望这可以帮助你理解。

英文:

The Map isn't a usual JS object where you add keys to it like map[key] = value. You should use the Map's methods.

When you map[key] = val you just add property to the Map's instance (you can do that with any instance in JS, for example you can add a property to a function). But you don't add any key/value to the Map's content that way.

So you should use Map::set() only for working with the Map's content.

I guess this misleading also could happen after working with localStorage where you can actually use instance properties to work with the content. But again that's not recommended over localStorage::setItem().

You can easily check that you don't add anything to the map:

<!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false -->

<!-- language: lang-js -->

const map = new Map;
map.test = true;

console.log([...map.entries()]);

<!-- end snippet -->

答案2

得分: 2

你在使用 Map 时 使用 [] 表示法时 是错误的。

var mp1 = new Map(); // 好的,我们有一个 Map
mp1[1] = 'apple'; // 向 Map 对象添加新属性值为 'apple'
mp1[2] = 'bat'; // 向 Map 对象添加新属性值为 'bat' - 都不是 Map 元素

console.log(mp1.size); // 是的,这个 Map 没有设置任何内容,所以大小是 0
console.log(mp1.set(1, 'test')); // 现在我们正确使用 set 方法
console.log('使用 get', mp1.get(1)); // 还有 get 方法
console.log('使用 []', mp1[1])
console.log('------------');

var mp2 = new Map(); // 是的,我们有一个 Map
mp2.set(1, 'match'); // 设置 1 包含 "match"
mp2.set(2, 'testing'); // 设置 2 包含 "testing"

console.log(mp2.size); // 是的,我们有两个项目
console.log('使用 []', mp2[1]) // 这不是正确的获取方式
console.log('使用 get', mp2.get(1)) // 这更好

// 如果你想使用 [] 访问元素,首先将其展开到一个数组中:
const arr = [...mp2]; 
console.log("使用数组表示法", arr[1][1])
英文:

You are using the Map incorrectly when you use the [] notation

<!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false -->

<!-- language: lang-js -->

var mp1 = new Map(); // ok we have a map
mp1[1] = &#39;apple&#39;;    // adding a new property to the map object value apple
mp1[2] = &#39;bat&#39;;      // adding a new property to the map object value bat - neither are Map elements

console.log(mp1.size); // Yep, the map has nothing set so the size is 0
console.log(mp1.set(1, &#39;test&#39;)); // NOW we use the set correctly 
console.log(&#39;using get&#39;, mp1.get(1)); // and get too
console.log(&#39;using[]&#39;, mp1[1])
console.log(&#39;------------&#39;);

var mp2 = new Map(); // yep we have a Map
mp2.set(1, &#39;match&#39;); // setting 1 to contain &quot;match&quot;
mp2.set(2, &#39;testing&#39;); // setting 2 to contain &quot;testing&quot;

console.log(mp2.size); // yes we have two items
console.log(&#39;using []&#39;, mp2[1]) // this is not the way to get it 
console.log(&#39;using get&#39;, mp2.get(1)) // this is better

// If you want to access the elements using [] then spread to an array first:
const arr = [...mp2]; 
console.log(&quot;Using array notation&quot;,arr[1][1])

<!-- end snippet -->

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2023年6月22日 18:19:57
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