问题

我正在尝试对使用@Configuration注释的类的配置进行单元测试。该类相当简单：

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "feed")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfig extends FeedConfig {
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringNyseFeedConfig.class);	

    public SpringNyseFeedConfig() {
        LOG.debug("ctor():created {}", SpringNyseFeedConfig.class);
    }
    
    @PostConstruct
    public void completeConfig() {
        LOG.debug("completeConfig(): validating configuration...");
        postConfigure().validate();  // 需要设置最终属性并验证
    }
}

这个单元测试也很简单：

@SpringBootTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfigTest {

    @Autowired
    private SpringNyseFeedConfig config;
    
    @Test
    void propertiesReadAsExpected() {
        assertNotNull(config);
        ServerConnection requestServer = config.getRequestServer();
        assertEquals("192.168.1.200", requestServer.getHost());
        // ...
        // ...
    }

}

测试可以正确地注入config，并配置了从application-test.yml文件中读取的属性。

问题在于这个测试会导致Spring初始化应用程序中的所有Bean（这需要时间）。

我尝试了大约半打建议，试图限制测试仅实例化SpringNyseFeedConfig对象，但它们都导致要么根本不注入任何东西（config等于null），要么注入一个未从yml文件配置的对象（即未设置属性）。

我该如何更新单元测试，以便它将读取文件并自动配置和注入SpringNyseFeedConfig对象，而无需实例化应用程序中的每个其他组件？

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "feed")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfig extends FeedConfig {
	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringNyseFeedConfig.class);	

	public SpringNyseFeedConfig() {
		LOG.debug("ctor():created {}", SpringNyseFeedConfig.class);
	}
	
	@PostConstruct
	public void completeConfig() {
		LOG.debug("completeConfig(): validating configuration...");
		postConfigure().validate();  // need to set final properties and validate
	}
}

@SpringBootTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfigTest {

	@Autowired
	private SpringNyseFeedConfig config;
	
	@Test
	void propertiesReadAsExpected() {
		assertNotNull(config);
		ServerConnection requestServer = config.getRequestServer();
		assertEquals("192.168.1.200", requestServer.getHost());
        ...
        ...    		
	}

}

答案1

得分: 1

有一个专用的注解 `@TestPropertySource` 用于启用对 `ConfigurationProperties` 的测试。这应该按预期工作：

```java
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = SpringNyseFeedConfig .class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-test.properties")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfigTest {

    @Autowired
    private SpringNyseFeedConfig config;
// ...
}

请注意：我故意使用属性而不是YAML文件，因为后者在测试中不能正常工作。

基于：https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing-configurationproperties

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

There is a dedicated annotation `@TestPropertySource` to enable testing of `ConfigurationProperties`. This should work as expected:

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = SpringNyseFeedConfig .class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-test.properties")
public class SpringNyseFeedConfigTest {

@Autowired
private SpringNyseFeedConfig config;

// ...
}

Please note: I'm intentionally using properties instead YAML file because the latter doesn't work properly with tests.

Based on: [https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing-configurationproperties][1]


  [1]: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing-configurationproperties

</details>



# 答案2
**得分**: 1

使用`ApplicationRunner`来组装上下文。

```kotlin
// kotlin 代码片段
class YourTests{

    private val contextRunner = ApplicationContextRunner()

    @Test
    fun testAppProperties() {
        contextRunner
            .withUserConfiguration(YourConfig::class.java)
            .run {
                val bean: YourBean = it.getBean(YourBean::class.java)
                assertThat(bean.baseUrl).isEqualTo("http://localhost:8080")
            }
    }
}

Java 版本：

public class YourTests{

    private final ApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new ApplicationContextRunner();

    @Test
    public void testAppProperties() {
        contextRunner
            .withUserConfiguration(YourConfig.class)
            .run( ctx -> {
                var bean = ctx.getBean(YourBean.class);
                assertThat(bean.baseUrl).isEqualTo("http://localhost:8080");
           });
    }
}

// kotlin code fragment
class YourTests{

    private val contextRunner = ApplicationContextRunner()

    @Test
    fun testAppProperties() {
        contextRunner
            .withUserConfiguration(YourConfig::class.java)
            .run {
                val bean: YourBean = it.getBean(YourBean::class.java)
                assertThat(bean.baseUrl).isEqualTo("http://localhost:8080")

            }
    }
}

public class YourTests{

    private final ApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new ApplicationContextRunner();

    @Test
    public void testAppProperties() {
        contextRunner
            .withUserConfiguration(YourConfig.class)
            .run( ctx -> {
                var bean = ctx.getBean(YourBean.class);
                assertThat(bean.baseUrl).isEqualTo("http://localhost:8080");

           });
    }
}