TypeError: LinearGradient.__new__() 需要精确的4个参数（只提供了2个）

huangapple
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英文:

Error in manim TypeError: LinearGradient.__new__() takes exactly 4 arguments (2 given)

问题

问题显然出现在定义抛物面（paraboloid）的Surface部分，你错在哪里了？错误信息是：
TypeError: LinearGradient.new() 接受正好 4 个参数（给定了 2 个）。
似乎在定义表面时缺少一些参数。看起来 LinearGradient 方法位于 Surface 类内部。

要解决这个问题，你需要查看 Surface 类的文档，确保正确地传递参数。在你的代码中，你正在尝试通过填充颜色（fill_color）和渐变颜色（checkerboard_colors）来定义表面的外观。根据错误信息，似乎你需要传递 LinearGradient 方法所需的正确参数。

请查阅 Manim 文档或 Surface 类的源代码，以确定正确的参数传递方式，并相应地更新你的代码以解决这个问题。

英文: 
  1. from manim import *
  4. class Solids(ThreeDScene):
  5.     def construct(self):
  7.         x_min, x_max, x_step = 0, 5, 1
  8.         y_min, y_max, y_step = -5, 5, 1
  9.         z_max, z_min, z_step = -5, 5, 1
  10.         axes = ThreeDAxes(
  11.             x_range=[x_min, x_max + x_step, x_step],
  12.             y_range=[y_min, y_max + y_step, y_step],
  13.             z_range=[z_min, z_max + z_step, z_step],)
  15.         function = axes.plot(lambda x: np.sqrt(
  16.             x), color=YELLOW, x_range=[0, 5])
  17.         area = axes.get_area(function, x_range=[0, 5], color=BLUE)
  19.         rec = axes.get_riemann_rectangles(function, dx=0.2, x_range=[
  20.             1, 1.2], input_sample_type="left", stroke_width=0.5, fill_opacity=0.75, color=BLUE)
  21.         rec_label = Text("dx", font_size=20)
  22.         rec_label.next_to(rec, DOWN, buff=0,)
  24.         group = VGroup(function, area, rec)
  25.         # parametric surface of sqrt of x but in 3d roatetd about x axis
  27.         def funcs(u, v):
  28.             return np.array([
  29.                 np.sqrt((u)-(v**2)),
  30.                 u
  32.             ])
  34.         start_color = BLUE
  35.         end_color = YELLOW
  37.         paraboloid = Surface(
  38.             lambda u, v: axes.c2p(*funcs(u, v)), u_range=[0, 5], v_range=[-5, 5], fill_color=end_color,
  39.             color=start_color, resolution=8, checkerboard_colors=[start_color, end_color], fill_opacity=0.75, stroke_color=BLUE, stroke_width=0.5,)
  41.         self.play(FadeIn(axes))
  42.         self.wait(2)
  43.         self.play(FadeIn(function))
  44.         self.play(FadeIn(rec))
  45.         self.play(Write(rec_label))
  46.         self.play(FadeIn(area))
  47.         self.wait(2)
  48.         self.begin_ambient_camera_rotation()
  49.         self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=-30 * DEGREES)
  50.         self.play(Rotating(group, axis=RIGHT, radians=2*PI,
  51.                            about_point=ORIGIN), run_time=5, rate_func=linear)
  52.         self.wait(2)
  53.         self.play(FadeIn(paraboloid))
  54.         self.wait(2)

the problem is clearly in defining paraboloid Surface what did I get wrong? error:
TypeError: LinearGradient.new() takes exactly 4 arguments (2 given)
seems like I am missing some args when defining the surface. seems like the LinearGradient method is inside the Surface class

答案1

得分: 1

以下是代码的翻译部分：

  1. 存在于您的`Surface()`对象中的两个问题：
  3. a) 要绘制的函数需要返回三个值，即x、y和z值，以覆盖该表面。
  5. b) 您的函数至少在某些点上返回复数，因为`np.sqrt((u)-v**2)`的参数小于零。
  7. 我删除了其他所有内容，只保留了`Surface()`的最简版本。我不知道这是否符合您的期望，但至少这段代码可以正常运行。

接下来是两个编辑后的版本，一个是在柱坐标系中参数化表面，另一个是在x/y平面上映射u和v，但需要限制y的范围以避免复数值。

英文:

There are 2 problems in your Surface() object:

a) the function to be plotted needs to return 3 values, the x, y and z value to span the surface

b) your function at least at some points delivers complex numbers as a result of the argument of np.sqrt((u)-v**2) becoming less than zero

I cut out everything else and made a minimalistic version of just the Surface() I don't know if this is what you expect to see, but at least the code runs without error.

  1. class SolidsMini(ThreeDScene):
  2.     def construct(self):
  4.         x_min, x_max, x_step = 0, 5, 1
  5.         y_min, y_max, y_step = -5, 5, 1
  6.         z_max, z_min, z_step = -5, 5, 1
  7.         axes = ThreeDAxes(
  8.             x_range=[x_min, x_max + x_step, x_step],
  9.             y_range=[y_min, y_max + y_step, y_step],
  10.             z_range=[z_min, z_max + z_step, z_step],)
  12.         def funcs(u, v):
  13.             return np.array([
  14.                 u, v, np.sqrt(abs((u)-(v**2))),
  15.             ])
  17.         start_color = BLUE
  18.         end_color = YELLOW
  20.         paraboloid = Surface(
  21.             lambda u, v: axes.c2p(*funcs(u, v)), 
  22.             u_range=[0, 5], 
  23.             v_range=[-5, 5], 
  24.             #fill_color=end_color,
  25.             #color=start_color, 
  26.             resolution=8, 
  27.             checkerboard_colors=[start_color, end_color], 
  28.             fill_opacity=0.75, 
  29.             stroke_color=BLUE, 
  30.             stroke_width=0.5,
  31.         )
  33.         self.play(FadeIn(axes))
  35.         self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=-30 * DEGREES)
  36.         self.wait(2)
  37.         self.play(FadeIn(paraboloid))
  38.         self.wait(2)

TypeError: LinearGradient.__new__() 需要精确的4个参数（只提供了2个）

Edit 2023-06-14
Ok, with this new information: The easiest way would be to parametrize your surface in cylindrical coordinates then:

  1.     def construct(self):
  3.         x_min, x_max, x_step = -5, 5, 1
  4.         y_min, y_max, y_step = -5, 5, 1
  5.         z_min, z_max, z_step = -5, 5, 1
  6.         axes = ThreeDAxes(
  7.             x_range=[x_min, x_max + x_step, x_step],
  8.             y_range=[y_min, y_max + y_step, y_step],
  9.             z_range=[z_min, z_max + z_step, z_step],
  10.         )
  12.         def funcs(u, v):
  13.             # parametrize u as x and v as phi
  14.             # then the radius increases as the sqrt(u)
  15.             return [u, np.sqrt(u)*np.cos(v), np.sqrt(u)*np.sin(v)]
  17.         start_color = BLUE
  18.         end_color = YELLOW
  20.         paraboloid = Surface(
  21.             lambda u, v: axes.c2p(*funcs(u, v)), 
  22.             u_range=[0.01, 5], 
  23.             v_range=[0, 2*PI], 
  24.             resolution=20, 
  25.             checkerboard_colors=[start_color, end_color], 
  26.             fill_opacity=0.75, 
  27.             stroke_color=BLUE, 
  28.             stroke_width=0.5,
  29.         )        
  31.         self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=-30 * DEGREES)
  32.         
  33.         self.add(axes)
  34.         self.add(paraboloid)
  35.         self.wait()

TypeError: LinearGradient.__new__() 需要精确的4个参数（只提供了2个）

Alternatively you can map u and v onto the x/y plane but y needs to be limited since python will happily draw the root out of a negative number and return a complex value....

  1. class SolidsMini2(ThreeDScene):
  2.     def construct(self):
  4.         x_min, x_max, x_step = -5, 5, 1
  5.         y_min, y_max, y_step = -5, 5, 1
  6.         z_min, z_max, z_step = -5, 5, 1
  7.         axes = ThreeDAxes(
  8.             x_range=[x_min, x_max + x_step, x_step],
  9.             y_range=[y_min, y_max + y_step, y_step],
  10.             z_range=[z_min, z_max + z_step, z_step],
  11.         )
  13.         def upper(u, v):
  14.             # parametrize u as x and v as y
  15.             # y needs to be limited
  16.             # -np.sqrt(u) <= y <= +np.sqrt(u)
  17.             x = u
  18.             y = v/5.01 * np.sqrt(u)
  19.             arg = x - y**2 
  20.             if arg < 0:
  21.                 arg = 0             
  22.             z = np.sqrt(arg)
  23.             return [x,y,z]
  25.         def lower(u, v):
  26.             # parametrize u as x and v as y
  27.             # 
  28.             x = u
  29.             y = v if abs(v) < np.sqrt(u) else np.sign(v)*np.sqrt(u)
  30.             arg = x - y**2 
  31.             if arg < 0:
  32.                 arg = 0 
  33.             z = -np.sqrt(arg)
  34.             return [x,y,z]
  36.         start_color = BLUE
  37.         end_color = YELLOW
  39.         paraboloid = Surface(
  40.             lambda u, v: axes.c2p(*upper(u, v)), 
  41.             u_range=[0.01, 5], 
  42.             v_range=[-5, 5], 
  43.             resolution=20, 
  44.             checkerboard_colors=[start_color, end_color], 
  45.             fill_opacity=0.75, 
  46.             stroke_color=BLUE, 
  47.             stroke_width=0.5,
  48.         )        
  50.         self.set_camera_orientation(phi=75 * DEGREES, theta=-30 * DEGREES)
  51.         
  52.         self.add(axes)
  53.         self.add(paraboloid)
  54.         self.wait()

TypeError: LinearGradient.__new__() 需要精确的4个参数（只提供了2个）

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2023年6月13日 05:59:20
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/76460579.html
  • manim
  • python
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