2023年6月12日 22:26:11go评论64阅读模式

英文:

Sed with special characters in the string and using a variable

问题

我尝试使用sed（带有-i选项）通过一个bash脚本来替换配置文件中的密码。

我的配置文件如下：

$DB['SERVER']                   = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT']                             = '0';
$DB['PASSWORD']                 = '';

我需要更新这些值，通过传递带有特殊字符（. - /等等）的变量。

我需要得到这个结果：

$DB['SERVER']                   = 'mydb.lab.local';
$DB['PORT']                             = '3306';
$DB['PASSWORD']                 = 'Passw0rd!';

我尝试了以下但没有成功。

sudo sed -i "s/$DB\\['PORT'\\]/\\/\\/\\/$DB\\['PORT'\\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "s/$DB\\['SERVER'\\]/\\/\\/\\/$DB\\['SERVER'\\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "s/$DB\\['PASSWORD'\\]/\\/\\/\\/$DB\\['PASSWORD'\\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB['PORT']='3306';" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i '/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB['SERVER']='"${db_instance_address}"';' /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i '/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB['PASSWORD']='"${db_password}"';' /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

输出结果如下：

egrep "SERVER|PORT|PASSWORD" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

$DB['PASSWORD']='';
$DB['PORT']='3306';
$DB['SERVER'] = '';
//$DB['SERVER']                   = 'localhost';
//$DB['PORT']                            = '0';
//$DB['PASSWORD']                        = '';

感谢您的帮助。

英文:

I'm try to use sed (with -i option) to replace password in a config file by a bash script.

My config file is:

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;localhost&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;0&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;&#39;;

I need to update these values passing variables with special characters (. - / etc...)

I need to have this result:

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;

I tried this but doesn't work.

sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;PORT&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;PORT&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;SERVER&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;SERVER&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &quot;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]=&#39;3306&#39;;&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &#39;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]=&#39;&quot;${db_instance_address}&quot;&#39;;&#39; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &#39;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]=&#39;&quot;${db_password}&quot;&#39;;&#39; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

the output is:

egrep &quot;SERVER|PORT|PASSWORD&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]=&#39;&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]=&#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;] = &#39;&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;localhost&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                            = &#39;0&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                        = &#39;&#39;;

Thanks for your help.

答案1

得分: 1

我建议您使用gnu-awk而不是sed，因为密码字符串可以包含可能在sed的替换字符串中引起问题的任何字符：

awk -i inplace -v ins="数据库实例地址" -v pw="数据库密码" -v port="数据库端口" '
BEGIN {FS=OFS="=";}
index($1, "$DB['SERVER") {
   $2 = " '" ins "';";
}
index($1, "$DB['PASSWORD") {
   $2 = " '" pw "';";
}
index($1, "$DB['PORT") {
   $2 = " '" port "';";
} 1' 文件

$DB['SERVER']                   = 'mydb.lab.local';
$DB['PORT']                             = '3306';
$DB['PASSWORD']                 = 'Passw0rd!';

英文:

I would suggest you to use gnu-awk instead sed since a password string can contain any character that might create issues in a sed's replacement string:

awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47&quot; ins &quot;awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47&quot; pw &quot;awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47&quot; port &quot;awk -i inplace -v ins=&quot;$db_instance_address&quot; -v pw=&quot;$db_password&quot; -v port=&quot;$db_port&quot; &#39;
BEGIN {FS=OFS=&quot;=&quot;}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047SERVER&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; ins &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PASSWORD&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; pw &quot;\047;&quot;
}
index($1, &quot;$DB[\047PORT&quot;) {
   $2 = &quot; \047&quot; port &quot;\047;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
47;&quot;
} 1&#39; file

$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;

答案2

得分: 0

感谢大家的支持。

我用这段代码解决了这个问题：

sudo sed -i "s/$DB\['PORT'\]/\/\/$DB\['PORT'\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "s/$DB\['SERVER'\]/\/\/$DB\['SERVER'\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "s/$DB\['PASSWORD'\]/\/\/$DB\['PASSWORD'\]/g" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i "/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file./a $DB['PORT'] = '3306';" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i '/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file./a $DB[\'SERVER\'] = \'\''"${db_instance_address}"'\'';' /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i '/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file./a $DB[\'PASSWORD\'] = \'\''"${db_password}"'\'';' /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

输出结果为：

$DB['PASSWORD'] = 'Passw0rd!';
$DB['SERVER'] = 'mydb.lab.local';
$DB['PORT'] = '3306';
//$DB['SERVER']                 = 'localhost';
//$DB['PORT']                           = '0';
//$DB['PASSWORD']                       = '';

最佳解决方案是替换现有行，但我无法这样做，所以我将其注释并创建了一行新的。

英文:

Thanks to all for the support.

I solved with this code:

sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;PORT&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;PORT&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 
sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;SERVER&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;SERVER&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 
sudo sed -i &quot;s/$DB\\[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;\\]/\\/\\/$DB\\[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;\\]/g&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 
sudo sed -i &quot;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[&#39;PORT&#39;] = &#39;3306&#39;;&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 
sudo sed -i &#39;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[\&#39;\&#39;&#39;SERVER\&#39;\&#39;&#39;] = \&#39;\&#39;&#39;&#39;&quot;${db_instance_address}&quot;&#39;\&#39;\&#39;&#39;;&#39; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
sudo sed -i &#39;/^.*Zabbix GUI configuration file.*/a $DB[\&#39;\&#39;&#39;PASSWORD\&#39;\&#39;&#39;] = \&#39;\&#39;&#39;&#39;&quot;${db_password}&quot;&#39;\&#39;\&#39;&#39;;&#39; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

The output is:

$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;] = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;
$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;] = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;] = &#39;3306&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                 = &#39;localhost&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                           = &#39;0&#39;;
//$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                       = &#39;&#39;;

The best solution is to replace existing row, but I can't do it, and I comment and create a new row.

答案3

得分: 0

使用 sed 命令可以将以下部分翻译为中文：

$ sed -E "/^$DB/{
    /SERVER/s/'[^']*'/${db_server}/3
    /PORT/s/'[^']*'/${db_port}/3
    /PASSWORD/s/'[^']*'/${db_password}/3
}" /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
$DB['SERVER'] = 'mydb.lab.local';
$DB['PORT'] = '3306';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = 'Passw0rd!';

请注意，我只翻译了代码部分，其他部分不包括在内。

英文:

Using sed

$ sed -E &quot;/^$DB/{
    /SERVER/s/&#39;[^&#39;]*/&#39;${db_server}/3
    /PORT/s/&#39;[^&#39;]*/&#39;${db_port}/3
    /PASSWORD/s/&#39;[^&#39;]*/&#39;${db_password}/3
}&quot; /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
$DB[&#39;SERVER&#39;]                   = &#39;mydb.lab.local&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PORT&#39;]                             = &#39;3306&#39;;
$DB[&#39;PASSWORD&#39;]                 = &#39;Passw0rd!&#39;;

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使用字符串中的特殊字符并使用一个变量的Sed

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