AWK命令将第三个逗号替换为换行，或者换句话说，将数据分成三列。

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英文:

AWK command replace third comma with new line or in other words make three columns for data

问题

考虑以下awk语句：

  1. awk -v ORS="， " ' /^(Name|Exec|Icon)=/{sub(/Name=|Exec=|Icon=/,"");print}' /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

输出是在manjaro Linux发行版中/usr/share/application/文件夹中已安装应用程序的.desktop文件的“Name=/Exec=/Icon”部分，用逗号分隔，并带有尾随逗号：

Qt助手，助手，助手，Avahi Zeroconf浏览器，/usr/bin/avahi-discover，网络-有线，kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig，preferences-desktop-theme，Breeze Widget风格，Avahi SSH服务器浏览器，/usr/bin/bssh，网络-有线，等等

而我想要的输出是：

  1. Qt助手，助手，助手
  2. Avahi Zeroconf浏览器，/usr/bin/avahi-discover，网络-有线
  3. kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig，preferences-desktop-theme，Breeze Widget风格
  4. Avahi SSH服务器浏览器，/usr/bin/bssh，网络-有线

等等

没有尾随逗号。

有任何建议吗？

英文:

Consider the following awk statement:

  1. awk -v ORS=", " ' /^(Name|Exec|Icon)=/{sub(/Name=|Exec=|Icon=/,"");print}' /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

The output is the "Name=/Exec=/Icon" of .desktop files of installed applications in /usr/share/application/ folder in manjaro Linux distro, separated with commas and with trailing comma:

Qt Assistant, assistant, assistant, Avahi Zeroconf Browser, /usr/bin/avahi-discover, network-wired, kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig, preferences-desktop-theme, Breeze Widget Style, Avahi SSH Server Browser, /usr/bin/bssh, network-wired,etc

The output that I want instead is:

  1. Qt Assistant, assistant, assistant
  2. Avahi Zeroconf Browser, /usr/bin/avahi-discover, network-wired
  3. kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig, preferences-desktop-theme, Breeze Widget Style
  4. Avahi SSH Server Browser, /usr/bin/bssh, network-wired

etc

without trailing comma.

Any suggestions?

答案1

得分: 2

  1. 不能只是按字段的顺序打印它们，因为它们在桌面文件中的顺序可能不是"Name"、"Exec"、"Icon"的顺序。
  2. 也许你想要设置OFS=","，而不是设置ORS？

一种方法是先收集值，然后在每个整个文件被读取后再打印：

  1. awk '
  2.     BEGIN {
  3.         FS = "="
  4.         OFS = ", "
  5.     }
  7.     {
  8.         k = $1
  9.         sub(/^[^=]*=/,"",$0)
  10.     }
  12.     k=="Name" { n[FILENAME] = $0 }
  13.     k=="Exec" { e[FILENAME] = $0 }
  14.     k=="Icon" { i[FILENAME] = $0 }
  16.     FNR==1 {
  17.         if(pf) print n[pf],e[pf],i[pf]
  18.         pf = FILENAME
  19.     }
  21.     END {
  22.         if(pf) print n[pf],e[pf],i[pf]
  23.     }
  24. ' /usr/share/applications/*.desktop
英文:
  1. You can't just print the fields when you see them as they may not appear in the order name,exec,icon in the desktop file.
  2. Perhaps you meant to set OFS=", " rather than setting ORS ?

An approach that collects values, and then prints after each entire file has been read:

  1. awk '
  2.     BEGIN {
  3.         FS = "="
  4.         OFS = ", "
  5.     }
  7.     {
  8.         k = $1
  9.         sub(/^[^=]*=/,"",$0)
  10.     }
  12.     k=="Name" { n[FILENAME] = $0 }
  13.     k=="Exec" { e[FILENAME] = $0 }
  14.     k=="Icon" { i[FILENAME] = $0 }
  16.     FNR==1 {
  17.         if(pf) print n[pf],e[pf],i[pf]
  18.         pf = FILENAME
  19.     }
  21.     END {
  22.         if(pf) print n[pf],e[pf],i[pf]
  23.     }
  24. ' /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

答案2

得分: 1

Qt Assistant, assistant, assistant
Avahi Zeroconf Browser, /usr/bin/avahi-discover, network-wired
kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig, preferences-desktop-theme, Breeze Widget Style
Avahi SSH Server Browser, /usr/bin/bssh, network-wired

英文: 
  1. echo 'Qt Assistant, assistant, assistant, Avahi Zeroconf Browser, /usr/bin/avahi-discover, network-wired, kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig, preferences-desktop-theme, Breeze Widget Style, Avahi SSH Server Browser, /usr/bin/bssh, network-wired' | 
  1. awk 'BEGIN { FS = (_ = "[ \t]*")(__ = "\n")("+")_
  2.   	         RS = "^$"
  3.        ___ = (_ = "[^" (OFS = ",") "]+, *")(_)_
  4.    	          _ = ""
  5.  } gsub(___,"&" _, $!(NF = NF)) \
  6.    gsub(",[^," (_) "]*") _, __) sub("[" (_) "- ,]*$", __)'
  1. Qt Assistant, assistant, assistant
  2. Avahi Zeroconf Browser, /usr/bin/avahi-discover, network-wired
  3. kcmshell5 breezestyleconfig, preferences-desktop-theme, Breeze Widget Style
  4. Avahi SSH Server Browser, /usr/bin/bssh, network-wired

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  • 本文由 发表于 2023年6月9日 00:00:26
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