ERROR: operator does not exist: date = character varying

I have this problem:

this query in PostgreSQL PG Admin work fine:

SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(t1.\*) as extent FROM ricepest.forecast t1 where state = 'Andhra Pradesh' AND dist = 'Ananthapur' AND date_id = '2023-01-01';

but in spring-boot with hibernate i wrote a service like this:

@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(t1.*) as extent FROM ricepest.state t1 where state = :val")
	List<GetFeature> getFeatureByStateIdService(@Param("val") String val);
	
	@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(t1.*) as extent FROM ricepest.district t1 where state = :state_val AND dist = :dist_val")
	List<GetFeature> getFeatureByStateIdService(@Param("state_val") String state_val, @Param("dist_val") String dist_val);
	
	@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(t1.*) as extent FROM ricepest.forecast t1 where state = :state_val AND dist = :dist_val AND date_id = :from_date")
	List<GetFeature> getFeatureByStateIdService(@Param("state_val") String state_val, @Param("dist_val") String dist_val, @Param("from_date") String from_date);
	
	public static interface GetFeature {
		String getExtent();
	}

This is my java Controller:

@PostMapping(value = "/feature")
	public ResponseEntity<List<GetFeature>> getFeatureByStateIdService(@RequestBody RequestInputs reqInputs) {
		System.out.println("The state and district input value for getFeature : " + reqInputs.getState_id() + " and " + reqInputs.getDist() + " and " + reqInputs.getFromdate_id());
		List<GetFeature> extent;
		if (reqInputs.getDist().equalsIgnoreCase("0") || reqInputs.getDist().equalsIgnoreCase("-- SELECT DISTRICT--")) {
			extent = pestServiceRepository.getFeatureByStateIdService(reqInputs.getState_id());
		} else if (reqInputs.getFromdate_id().equalsIgnoreCase("0") || reqInputs.getFromdate_id().equalsIgnoreCase("-- SELECT DATE--")) {
			extent = pestServiceRepository.getFeatureByStateIdService(reqInputs.getDist());
		} else {
			extent = pestServiceRepository.getFeatureByStateIdService(reqInputs.getState_id(), reqInputs.getDist(), reqInputs.getFromdate_id());
		}
		if (!extent.isEmpty()) {
			return new ResponseEntity<>(extent, HttpStatus.OK);
		} else {
			return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
		}
	}

I have this ERROR:

ERROR: operator does not exist: date = character varying
  Hint: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.

I am not getting what has went wrong. Any help would be appreciated.

In pgAdmin, the literal '2023-01-01' is being parsed as a date value, not a text value, because of the context of the expression. In the Java code with Spring Boot and Hibernate, the parameter has been explicitly specified to be of class String. PostgreSQL doesn't perform implicit conversions of text values to date values prior to the comparison. There is a fundamental difference between parsing a SQL statement and evaluating a statement with explicit parameters. Either pass the parameter as a date, or explicitly cast the text value to a date in the query. Passing the parameter as the intended type is the preferred approach.

The following statements, which can be run in pgAdmin, demonstrate the differences:

-- because '2023-06-06' is parsed as a date, this query will not raise an exception
SELECT current_date = '2023-06-06';

-- because test_date is explicitely made a date, this query will not raise an exception
-- this is analogous to passing a date value to a parameterized query
WITH t(test_date) AS (
  VALUES ('2023-06-06'::date)
)
SELECT current_date = t.test_date
FROM t;

-- this query will raise an exception due to type differences
-- there is no context to cause PostgreSQL to parse '2023-06-06' as a date
WITH t(test_date) AS (
  VALUES ('2023-06-06')
)
SELECT current_date = t.test_date
FROM t;

-- because of the explicit type cast, this query will not raise an exception
-- this is similar to passing a string and explicitly casting it to date in the SELECT
WITH t(test_date) AS (
  VALUES ('2023-06-06')
)
SELECT current_date = t.test_date::date
FROM t;