问题

为了上下文，我正在尝试在Python中实现一个极小化极大算法来玩井字游戏。以下是相关的代码：

TicTacToe.py

def dumbPlayer(game, gameType):
    return game.successors()[0]


class minimax:
    tree = None
    def minimaxPlayer(self, game, gameType):
        return game.successors()[0]


class TicTacToe:
    def play(self, xPlayer=consolePlayer, oPlayer=consolePlayer, output=consolePrint):
        while self.winner is None:
            output(self)
            if self.turn == 'X': self.move(xPlayer(self, TicTacToe))
            elif self.turn == 'O': self.move(oPlayer(self, TicTacToe))
        output(self, True)
        return

main.py:

import TicTacToe as TTT

player2 = TTT.minimax.minimaxPlayer
test = TTT.TicTacToe()

test.play(TTT.dumbPlayer, player2)

传递dumbPlayer函数是正常的，问题出在minimaxPlayer函数上。当play函数调用minimaxPlayer函数时，我收到以下错误：
TypeError: minimaxPlayer()缺少一个必需的位置参数：'gameType'

根据我对Python的理解，"self"参数会自动传递给函数，并且不能显式传递（或者可能不能显式传递）。所以在play函数看来，

def dumbPlayer(game, gameType)

和

def minimaxPlayer(self, game, gameType)

应该是等价的，但在这种情况下似乎不正确。

是否有一个简单的修复方法？还是我需要重新构建我的代码？如果必须的话，我已经有一些关于如何重构代码的想法，但我宁愿不这样做，并且我想知道为什么这不按照我期望的方式工作的根本原因。

def dumbPlayer(game, gameType):
    return game.successors()[0]


class minimax:
    tree = None
    def minimaxPlayer(self, game, gameType):
        return game.successors()[0]


class TicTacToe:
    def play(self, xPlayer=consolePlayer, oPlayer=consolePlayer, output=consolePrint):
        while self.winner is None:
            output(self)
            if self.turn == 'X': self.move(xPlayer(self, TicTacToe))
            elif self.turn == 'O': self.move(oPlayer(self, TicTacToe))
        output(self, True)
        return

import TicTacToe as TTT

player2 = TTT.minimax.minimaxPlayer
test = TTT.TicTacToe()

test.play(TTT.dumbPlayer, player2)

答案1

得分: 1

对于实例方法的`self`参数，会自动绑定到你从中获取该方法的实例上，但你正在访问*类*的版本该方法。

而不是：

```python
player2 = TTT.minimax.minimaxPlayer

请执行以下操作：

minimax_instance = TTT.minimax()
player2 = minimax_instance.minimaxPlayer

它应该按照你的要求工作。

注意：在Python中的标准约定是使用CamelCase作为类名，使用snake_case作为实例名，这样就不需要使用像minimax_instance这样奇怪的名称来区分类和实例了。你可能还希望tree是一个实例属性，而不是一个类属性（如果想要能够将Minimax类与不同的游戏一起使用，你不希望不同的实例互相干扰状态）...

class Minimax:
    def __init__(self):
        self.tree = None

    def player(self, game, game_type):
        return game.successors()[0]

minimax = TTT.Minimax()
player2 = minimax.player

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

The `self` argument for an instance method is automatically bound to the instance that you got the method from, but you&#39;re accessing the *class*&#39;s version of that method.

Instead of:

player2 = TTT.minimax.minimaxPlayer

do:

minimax_instance = TTT.minimax()
player2 = minimax_instance.minimaxPlayer

and it should behave the way you want.

Note: the standard convention in Python is to use CamelCase for class names and snake_case for instance names, which eliminates the need to use weird names like `minimax_instance` to differentiate between the class and the instance.  You probably also want `tree` to be an instance attribute rather than a class attribute (if the idea is to be able to use the Minimax class with different games, you don't want the different instances stepping on each others' state)...

class Minimax:
def init(self):
self.tree = None

def player(self, game, game_type):
    return game.successors()[0]

minimax = TTT.Minimax()
player2 = minimax.player

</details>