问题

GetType() 方法不返回与 Get-Member 相同的类型是因为 GetType() 方法返回一个对象的实际运行时类型，而 Get-Member 用于获取对象的成员和类型信息。在这种情况下，$x 的实际运行时类型是 "Instance"，而 Get-Member 显示了它的详细类型信息为 "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Instance"。

PS C:\> Find-Module -Name vssetup | Install-Module
PS C:\> $x = (Get-VSSetupInstance)[0]
PS C:\> $x.GetType()

IsPublic IsSerial Name                                     BaseType
-------- -------- ----                                     --------
True     False    Instance                                 System.Object

PS C:\> $x | Get-Member

   TypeName: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Instance

Name                MemberType Definition
----                ---------- ----------
Equals              Method     bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode         Method     int GetHashCode()
...

答案1

得分: 2

以下是翻译的内容：

<!-- language-all: sh -->

The type being reported _is_ the same, it's just _its representation_ that differs.

报告的类型是相同的，只是其表示不同。

As of PowerShell 7.3.4, the _for-display_ formatting of the [`System.Reflection.TypeInfo`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/System.Reflection.TypeInfo) instance returned by `.GetType()` - unfortunately - doesn't reflect the type's _namespace-qualified_ name, whereas [`Get-Member`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility/Get-Member)'s output does.

截至到 PowerShell 7.3.4，由.GetType()返回的System.Reflection.TypeInfo实例的 for-display 格式 - 遗憾的是 - 不反映类型的 namespace-qualified 名称，而Get-Member的输出则反映。

To get the type's namespace-qualified name based on a `.GetType()` call, simply access the returned object's `.FullName` property:

要根据.GetType()调用获取类型的命名空间限定名称，只需访问返回的对象的.FullName属性：

$x.GetType().FullName

$x.GetType().FullName

Note that `Get-Member`'s purpose is not _only_ to report a .NET type's _identity_, but also to report _its members_ - hence the additional information about `Equals`, `GetHashCode`, ... (mediated via the for-display formatting of the [`Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MemberDefinition`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MemberDefinition) instances that `Get-Member` outputs).

请注意，Get-Member的目的不仅仅是报告.NET类型的 identity，还包括报告 其成员 - 因此还提供了关于Equals、GetHashCode等的附加信息（通过Get-Member输出的Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MemberDefinition实例的 for-display 格式来中介）。

As such, the details of the for-display formatting are _by design_ different.

因此，for-display 格式的细节是有意设计成不同的。

As an aside:

• Unfortunately, Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MemberDefinition instance, while providing useful, nicely formatted high-level information about .NET type members, they do not provide access to the full .NET reflection APIs that the System.Reflection.MemberInfo-derived instances output by the reflection methods called directly on types ( .GetType().GetMember(...), etc.) do.

• See this answer for function Get-NativeMember, which offers similar convenience to Get-Member, but returns the actual System.Reflection.MemberInfo-derived instances for full access to .NET's reflection API; note that it does so for type-native members only (not also for members provided via PowerShell's ETS (Extended Type System)).

顺便提一下：
 * 不幸的是，`Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.MemberDefinition`实例虽然提供了有用的、精美格式的关于.NET类型成员的 _高级_ 信息，但它们 _不_ 提供访问*完整的.NET反射API*的能力，而直接在类型上调用的反射方法（`.GetType().GetMember(...)`等）输出的是派生自[`System.Reflection.MemberInfo`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/System.Reflection.MemberInfo)的实例。

* 请查看[此答案](https://stackoverflow.com/a/76884750/45375)，其中介绍了函数`Get-NativeMember`，它提供了与`Get-Member`类似的便利性，但返回了实际的`System.Reflection.MemberInfo`派生实例，以完全访问.NET的反射API；请注意，它仅针对类型-_native_成员提供此功能（而不适用于通过PowerShell的ETS（Extended Type System）提供的成员）。

# -> 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Instance'
$x.GetType().FullName