问题

I have suddenly started getting "Migrations" hit an invalid opcode while deploying error when I do 'truffle deploy' command.

My migrations file has not changed so I'm not sure why I am suddenly getting this error. Everyone who's posted for the same error just suggests downloading the latest versions of ganache/truffle, but I have updated my truffle and ganache to the most up-to-date versions and still getting the error.

This is the full error:
⠋ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
Starting migrations...

Network name: 'development'
Network id: 5777
Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)

1_initial_migration.js

⠙ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
Deploying 'Migrations'

*** Deployment Failed ***st from solc-bin. Attempt #1

"Migrations" hit an invalid opcode while deploying. Try:

• Verifying that your constructor params satisfy all assert conditions.
• Verifying your constructor code doesn't access an array out of bounds.
• Adding reason strings to your assert statements.

Exiting: Review successful transactions manually by checking the transaction hashes above on Etherscan.

Error: *** Deployment Failed ***

"Migrations" hit an invalid opcode while deploying. Try:

• Verifying that your constructor params satisfy all assert conditions.
• Verifying your constructor code doesn't access an array out of bounds.
• Adding reason strings to your assert statements.

at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/deployer/src/deployment.js:330:1
Truffle v5.9.2 (core: 5.9.2)
Node v18.7.0

Migrations.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

contract Migrations {
    address public owner;
    uint256 public lastCompletedMigration;

    constructor() {
        owner = msg.sender;
    }

    modifier restricted() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Restricted to contract owner");
        _;
    }

    function setCompleted(uint256 completed) public restricted {
        lastCompletedMigration = completed;
    }

    function upgrade(address new_address) public restricted {
        Migrations upgraded = Migrations(new_address);
        upgraded.setCompleted(lastCompletedMigration);
    }
}

1_initial_migration.js

const Migrations = artifacts.require("Migrations");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
    deployer.deploy(Migrations);
};

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I have suddenly started getting &#39;&quot;Migrations&quot; hit an invalid opcode while deploying&#39; error when I do &#39;truffle deploy&#39; command.

My migrations file has not changed so I&#39;m not sure why I am suddenly getting this error. Everyone who&#39;s posted for the same error just suggests downloading latest versions of ganache/truffle but I have updated my truffle and ganache to the most up to date versions and still getting the error.

This is the full error:
⠋ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
Starting migrations...
======================
&gt; Network name:    &#39;development&#39;
&gt; Network id:      5777
&gt; Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)


1_initial_migration.js
======================
⠙ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
   Deploying &#39;Migrations&#39;
   ----------------------
 *** Deployment Failed ***st from solc-bin. Attempt #1

&quot;Migrations&quot; hit an invalid opcode while deploying. Try:
   * Verifying that your constructor params satisfy all assert conditions.
   * Verifying your constructor code doesn&#39;t access an array out of bounds.
   * Adding reason strings to your assert statements.


Exiting: Review successful transactions manually by checking the transaction hashes above on Etherscan.


Error:  *** Deployment Failed ***

&quot;Migrations&quot; hit an invalid opcode while deploying. Try:
   * Verifying that your constructor params satisfy all assert conditions.
   * Verifying your constructor code doesn&#39;t access an array out of bounds.
   * Adding reason strings to your assert statements.

    at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/deployer/src/deployment.js:330:1
Truffle v5.9.2 (core: 5.9.2)
Node v18.7.0



Migrations.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

contract Migrations {
address public owner;
uint256 public lastCompletedMigration;

constructor() {
    owner = msg.sender;
}

modifier restricted() {
    require(msg.sender == owner, "Restricted to contract owner");
    _;
}

function setCompleted(uint256 completed) public restricted {
    lastCompletedMigration = completed;
}

function upgrade(address new_address) public restricted {
	Migrations upgraded = Migrations(new_address);
	upgraded.setCompleted(lastCompletedMigration);
}

}

1_initial_migration.js

const Migrations = artifacts.require("Migrations");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Migrations);
};

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 5

尝试更改您的 pragma 和 solc 版本

Migrations.sol

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0;

truffle-config.js

compilers: {
    solc: {
        version: "0.5.1"
    }
}

有时，solc 对我来说也可以使用 0.8.20 或 0.7.3。

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0;

compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.5.1"
}

答案2

得分: 1

将solc版本从0.8.20降级到0.8.13解决了我的问题。

我通过下载metacoin truffle box来获得那个版本，确认迁移正常运作，然后从项目的truffle-config.js中获取solc的版本。

值得做同样的操作，而不是在这个时间点使用特定解决我的问题的solc版本，因为Truffle可能会更新metacoin box，以保持与其余工具的同步，这个版本会变得过时。

下载metacoin truffle box 就像这样简单：

truffle unbox metacoin [PATH/TO/DIRECTORY]

truffle unbox metacoin [PATH/TO/DIRECTORY]

答案3

得分: 0

更改truffle-config.js文件中的solc版本如下。

compilers: {
    solc: {
        version: "0.8.13"
    }
}

compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.8.13"
    }
  }

答案4

得分: 0

确保你正在使用最新版本的Ganache。尝试使用 npm install -g ganache 全局安装Ganache，这应该会起作用。

答案5

得分: 0

将 truffle-config.js 文件中的编译器版本从 0.8.21 更改为 0.8.17 或更低版本。

答案6

得分: 0

我将所有.sol合约版本更改为固定版本，然后错误消失。

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;