2023年5月28日 14:23:03go评论76阅读模式

英文:

How can I convert multiple label variables into a dictionary in tkinter using Python?

问题

你可以使用一个循环来创建这些标签，并将它们存储在一个字典中，然后可以通过字典来访问这些标签。以下是一个示例代码，演示如何使用 for 循环创建标签并将它们存储在字典中：

import tkinter as tk

base_frame = tk.Tk()

# 创建一个空字典来存储标签
label_dict = {}

# 定义行数和列数
rows = 6
cols = 5

# 使用双重循环创建标签并存储到字典中
for row in range(1, rows + 1):
    for col in range(1, cols + 1):
        label_name = f'answer_{row}_{col}'
        label = tk.Label(base_frame, text='', fg='black', bg='white', highlightbackground='#d3d6da', highlightthickness=2, font=('Helvetica', 32, 'bold'))
        label.grid(row=row, column=col, sticky='nesw', padx=2.5, pady=2.5)
        label_dict[label_name] = label

# 访问字典中的标签示例
selected_label = label_dict['answer_2_3']
selected_label.config(text='New Text')

base_frame.mainloop()

这个示例中，我们首先创建一个空字典 label_dict，然后使用双重循环创建标签，并将它们存储在字典中，键名使用了与之前的标签相同的命名。你可以通过字典的键来访问和操作相应的标签。在示例中，我们通过 label_dict['answer_2_3'] 访问了字典中的一个标签，并修改了它的文本内容。

英文:

so I have these buttons in my program and I want them to be in a dictionary instead of them being in a separate value,
buttons are all the same for now , but they will change later in the code so thats why I'm making them separate values

answer_1_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_1_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_1_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_1_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_1_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_2_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_2_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_2_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_2_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_2_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_3_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_3_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_3_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_3_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_3_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_4_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_4_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_4_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_4_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_4_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_5_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_5_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_5_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_5_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_5_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_6_1 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_6_2 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_6_3 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_6_4 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_6_5 = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
answer_1_1.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_1_2.grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_1_3.grid(row = 1, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_1_4.grid(row = 1, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_1_5.grid(row = 1, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_2_1.grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_2_2.grid(row = 2, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_2_3.grid(row = 2, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_2_4.grid(row = 2, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_2_5.grid(row = 2, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_3_1.grid(row = 3, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_3_2.grid(row = 3, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_3_3.grid(row = 3, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_3_4.grid(row = 3, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_3_5.grid(row = 3, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_4_1.grid(row = 4, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_4_2.grid(row = 4, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_4_3.grid(row = 4, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_4_4.grid(row = 4, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_4_5.grid(row = 4, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_5_1.grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_5_2.grid(row = 5, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_5_3.grid(row = 5, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_5_4.grid(row = 5, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_5_5.grid(row = 5, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_6_1.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_6_2.grid(row = 6, column = 2, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_6_3.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_6_4.grid(row = 6, column = 4, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
answer_6_5.grid(row = 6, column = 5, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)

I want them to be like this :

dict = {&#39;answer1&#39;: tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;)),
&#39;answer2&#39;: tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;)),
...
}

any ideas on how to do this with a for loop and how to access the buttons in the dictionary?

答案1

得分: 2

我建议以下结构 - 创建一个嵌套循环，其中外部循环是问题，内部循环是每个问题的答案。对于每个答案，创建一个按钮（curr_button）并将其保存在一个字典中。该字典是一个嵌套字典，其中每个问题都有一个键，该键本身是一个带有每个答案键的字典。

from itertools import product 
from collections import defaultdict

num_questions = 6
answers_per_question = 4

buttons_dict = defaultdict(dict)

for q in range(1, num_questions+1):
    for a in range(1, answers_per_question+1):
        curr_button = tk.Label(base_frame, text='', fg='black', bg='white', highlightbackground='#d3d6da', highlightthickness=2, font=('Helvetica', 32, 'bold'))
        curr_button.grid(row=q, column=a, sticky='nesw', padx=2.5, pady=2.5)
        buttons_dict[q][a] = curr_button

英文:

I suggest the following structure - create a nested loop where the external loop is the questions and the internal one is the answers per question. For each answer, create a button (curr_button) and save it in a dictionary. The dictionary is a nested dictionary where there is a key per question which is a dictionary itself with keys for each answer.

from itertools import product 
from collections import defaultdict
num_questions = 6
answers_per_question = 4
buttons_dict = defaultdict(dict)
for q in range(1, num_questions+1):
for a in range(1, answers_per_question+1):
curr_button = tk.Label(base_frame, text=&#39;&#39;, fg=&#39;black&#39;, bg=&#39;white&#39;, highlightbackground=&#39;#d3d6da&#39;, highlightthickness=2, font = (&#39;Helvetica&#39;, 32, &#39;bold&#39;))
curr_button.grid(row = q, column = a, sticky = &#39;nesw&#39;, padx = 2.5, pady = 2.5)
buttons_dict[q][a]=curr_button

答案2

得分: 1

以下是代码的中文翻译部分：

# 为了演示如何编写一个高效的问答应用程序，举个例子。
# 只创建所需的内容并使用适当的技术来实现它。

import tkinter as tk

q_and_a = {
    '你多大了？': [
        16,  # 0
        18,  # 1
        21,  # 2
        48],  # 3
    '你住在哪里？': [
        '美国',
        '印度',
        '英国',
        '叙利亚'],
}

right_answer = {
    '你多大了？': 0,
    '你住在哪里？': 2,
}

def generate_q_and_a():
    for k, v in q_and_a.items():
        yield k, v

generator = generate_q_and_a()

def next_question():
    try:
        q, a = next(generator)
    except StopIteration:
        print('所有问题都已解决')
        root.destroy()
    else:
        question.config(text=q)
        for idx, child in enumerate(answer_frame.winfo_children()):
            child.config(text=a[idx])

def answer_selected(n):
    current_question = question.cget('text')
    valid = n == right_answer[current_question]
    if valid:
        next_question()
    else:
        print('答案错误')

BACKGROUND = '灰色'
FOREGROUND = '黑色'

root = tk.Tk()
# 窗口的内容
question = tk.Label(
    root, text='', bg=BACKGROUND, fg=FOREGROUND, relief=tk.RIDGE)
answer_frame = tk.Frame(
    root, bg=BACKGROUND, borderwidth=2, relief=tk.SUNKEN)
# 设置窗口的几何属性
question.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True)
answer_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
# 回答选项的内容
choice_config = {
    'master': answer_frame,
    'text': '',
    'relief': tk.RAISED,
    'borderwidth': 1,
    'background': '灰色',
    'foreground': '白色',
}
for i in range(4):
    callback = lambda n=i: answer_selected(n)
    choice = tk.Button(**choice_config, command=callback)
    choice.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True)
# 启动应用程序
next_question()
root.mainloop()

注意：代码中的注释已被翻译成中文。

英文:

To give an example of how you basically code an efficient Q&A app.
Create just what you need and use the appropriate techs to achieve it.

For the sake of self-study, here is an example:

import tkinter as tk
q_and_a = {
&#39;How old are you?&#39; : [
16, #0
18, #1
21, #2
48],#3
&#39;Where do you live?&#39; : [
&#39;USA&#39;,
&#39;India&#39;,
&#39;England&#39;,
&#39;Syria&#39;],
}
right_answer = {
&#39;How old are you?&#39; : 0,
&#39;Where do you live?&#39; : 2,
}
def generate_q_and_a():
for k,v in q_and_a.items():
yield k,v
generator = generate_q_and_a()
def next_question():
try:
q, a = next(generator)
except StopIteration:
print(&#39;all questions have solved&#39;)
root.destroy()
else:
question.config(text = q)
for idx,child in enumerate(answer_frame.winfo_children()):
child.config(text=a[idx])
def answer_selected(n):
current_question = question.cget(&#39;text&#39;)
valid = n == right_answer[current_question]
if valid:
next_question()
else:
print(&#39;wrong answer&#39;)
BACKGROUND = &#39;grey&#39;
FOREGROUND = &#39;black&#39;
root = tk.Tk()
#content of root
question = tk.Label(
root, text=&#39;&#39;, bg=BACKGROUND, fg=FOREGROUND, relief=tk.RIDGE)
answer_frame = tk.Frame(
root, bg = BACKGROUND, borderwidth=2, relief=tk.SUNKEN)
#geometry of root
question.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True)
answer_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
#content of answer_frame
choice_config = {
&#39;master&#39; : answer_frame,
&#39;text&#39; : &#39;&#39;,
&#39;relief&#39; : tk.RAISED,
&#39;borderwidth&#39; : 1,
&#39;background&#39; : &#39;grey&#39;,
&#39;foreground&#39; : &#39;white&#39;,
}
for i in range(4):
callback = lambda n=i: answer_selected(n)
choice = tk.Button(**choice_config, command=callback)
choice.pack(fill=tk.X, expand=True)
#start application
next_question()
root.mainloop()

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