问题

# 用 PowerShell 比较两个文件夹结构。最后，应该能看到所有只存在于文件夹 A 或文件夹 B 中的文件/文件夹的完整路径的概述。

# 我还想实现一个开关，可以切换以排除文件扩展名。
# 比较应该仅在路径级别进行。所以，当一个文件具有相同的名称但不同的大小时，应将其视为“相等”。

# 到目前为止，代码如下：

# 提示输入要比较的两个文件夹的路径
$folder1 = Read-Host "输入文件夹 A 的路径"
$folder2 = Read-Host "输入文件夹 B 的路径"

# 提示是否忽略文件扩展名
$ignoreExtensions = Read-Host "忽略文件扩展名？ (y/n)"
$ignoreExtensions = $ignoreExtensions.ToLower() -eq "y"

# 获取每个文件夹中的文件并将其名称和路径存储在数组中
$dir1Dirs = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Name $folder1 | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}
$dir2Dirs = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Name $folder2 | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}

# 比较两个文件名数组并显示不同的文件的路径
$diff = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $dir1Dirs -DifferenceObject $dir2Dirs | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "=>" }

if ($diff) {
    Write-Host "不同的文件："
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host "未找到差异。"
}

但我遇到了错误：

PS C:\Windows\system32> D:\compare4.ps1
输入文件夹 A 的路径: D:\folder1
输入文件夹 B 的路径: D:\folder2
忽略文件扩展名？ (y/n): y

不同的文件：
Select-Object : 无法找到属性“FullName”。
位于 D:\compare4.ps1:36 字符:13
+     $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
+             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (@{InputObject=; SideIndicator==>}:PSObject) [Select-Object], PSArgumen
   tException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ExpandPropertyNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SelectObjectCommand

Select-Object : 无法找到属性“FullName”。
位于 D:\compare4.ps1:36 字符:13
+     $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
+             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (@{InputObject=; SideIndicator==>}:PSObject) [Select-Object], PSArgumen
   tException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ExpandPropertyNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SelectObjectCommand

当将上面的比较行更改为以下行时，错误消失，但没有生成任何输出：

$diff = Compare-Object $dir1Dirs $dir2Dirs -Property Name -IncludeEqual -PassThru | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "=>" }

我在这里漏掉了什么？

先谢谢。

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I am trying to compare two folder structures with PowerShell. At the end, I should see an overview of all files/folders with the full path, which are just in folder A or folder B.

I also want to implement a switch which can be toggled to exclude the file extensions.
The comparison should just be done at the path level. So when a file has the same name but a different size, it should be seen as &quot;equal&quot;.


So far, it looks like this:

```lang-ps1
# Prompt for the paths of the two folders to compare
$folder1 = Read-Host &quot;Enter the path for Folder A&quot;
$folder2 = Read-Host &quot;Enter the path for Folder B&quot;

# Prompt for whether to ignore file extensions
$ignoreExtensions = Read-Host &quot;Ignore file extensions? (y/n)&quot;
$ignoreExtensions = $ignoreExtensions.ToLower() -eq &quot;y&quot;

# Get the files in each folder and store their names and paths in arrays
$dir1Dirs = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Name $folder1 | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace &#39;\.[^.]*$&#39;
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}
$dir2Dirs = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Name $folder2 | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace &#39;\.[^.]*$&#39;
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}

# Compare the two arrays of file names and display the paths to files that are different
$diff = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $dir1Dirs -DifferenceObject $dir2Dirs | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq &quot;=&gt;&quot; }

if ($diff) {
    Write-Host &quot;Files that are different:&quot;
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host &quot;No differences found.&quot;
}

but I get an error:

PS C:\Windows\system32> D:\compare4.ps1
Enter the path for Folder A: D:\folder1
Enter the path for Folder B: D:\folder2
Ignore file extensions? (y/n): y

Files that are different:
Select-Object : Property "FullName" cannot be found.
At D:\compare4.ps1:36 char:13
+     $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
+             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (@{InputObject=; SideIndicator==>}:PSObject) [Select-Object], PSArgumen
   tException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ExpandPropertyNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SelectObjectCommand

Select-Object : Property "FullName" cannot be found.
At D:\compare4.ps1:36 char:13
+     $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
+             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (@{InputObject=; SideIndicator==>}:PSObject) [Select-Object], PSArgumen
   tException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ExpandPropertyNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SelectObjectCommand

When change the compare line from above with this one, the error is gone, but no output generated:

$diff = Compare-Object $dir1Dirs $dir2Dirs -Property Name -IncludeEqual -PassThru | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "=>" }

What am I missing here?

Thanks in advance.

答案1

得分: 2

你正在尝试通过它们内部文件的_相对路径_来比较文件夹树。

虽然 Get-ChildItem 的 -Name 参数会输出相对路径，但它是_唯一_输出的内容，即它输出的是_字符串_而不是通常的 System.IO.FileInfo（以及 System.IO.DirectoryInfo）实例，这意味着输出不会包含 .FullName 等属性。

如果不考虑可选忽略扩展名的要求，您将能够通过推断要添加的根路径来重建原始完整路径，具体取决于从 Compare-Object 输出中的 .SideIndicator 的值。

为了满足您的要求，您需要：

• 向您构造的 [pscustomobject] 实例添加一个 .RelativePath 属性，并通过从每个文件的 .FullName 属性中删除_根_路径的子字符串来手动确定相对路径。

• 使用 -Property RelativePath 按该属性比较自定义对象的数组，还要确保将自定义对象作为整体传递，必须添加 -PassThru

将它们全部整合在一起：

$folder1 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder A"
$folder2 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder B"

# 提示是否忽略文件扩展名
$ignoreExtensions = 'y' -eq (Read-Host 'Ignore file extensions? (y/n)')

# 获取每个文件夹中的文件，并将它们的相对路径和完整路径存储在数组中，可选地不包括扩展名。
$dir1Dirs, $dir2Dirs = $folder1, $folder2 | 
  ForEach-Object {
    $fullRootPath = Convert-Path -LiteralPath $_
    # 构建当前文件夹树的自定义对象数组，并将其作为单个对象*输出*，使用数组构造运算符的一元形式，","
    , @(
      Get-ChildItem -File -Recurse -LiteralPath $fullRootPath |
        ForEach-Object {
          $relativePath = $_.FullName.Substring($fullRootPath.Length + 1)
          if ($ignoreExtensions) { $relativePath = $relativePath -replace '\.[^.]*$' }
          [PSCustomObject] @{
            RelativePath = $relativePath
            FullName = $_.FullName
          }
        }
    )
  }

# 比较这两个数组。
# 请注意使用了 -Property RelativePath 和 -PassThru，
# 以及 Where-Object SideIndicator -eq '=>' 过滤器，就像您的问题中一样，只报告与 -DifferenceObject 集合不同的内容。
# 要报告与*任一*集合不同的内容，只需删除该过滤器。
$diff = 
  Compare-Object -Property RelativePath -PassThru $dir1Dirs $dir2Dirs | 
  Where-Object SideIndicator -eq '=>'

# 输出结果。
if ($diff) {
    Write-Host "Files that are different:"
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host "No differences found."
}

注意：

• 使用 , @(...) 确保 Get-ChildItem 输出对象作为数组_整体输出_（单个对象）的方式在此答案中有解释。

$folder1 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder A"
$folder2 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder B"

# Prompt for whether to ignore file extensions
$ignoreExtensions = 'y' -eq (Read-Host 'Ignore file extensions? (y/n)')

# Get the files in each folder and store their relative and full paths
# in arrays, optionally without extensions.
$dir1Dirs, $dir2Dirs = $folder1, $folder2 | 
  ForEach-Object {
    $fullRootPath = Convert-Path -LiteralPath $_
    # Construct the array of custom objects for the folder tree at hand
    # and *output it as a single object*, using the unary form of the 
    # array construction operator, ","  
    , @(
      Get-ChildItem -File -Recurse -LiteralPath $fullRootPath |
        ForEach-Object {
          $relativePath = $_.FullName.Substring($fullRootPath.Length + 1)
          if ($ignoreExtensions) { $relativePath = $relativePath -replace '\.[^.]*$' }
          [PSCustomObject] @{
            RelativePath = $relativePath
            FullName = $_.FullName
          }
        }
    )
  }

# Compare the two arrays.
# Note the use of -Property RelativePath and -PassThru
# as well as the Where-Object SideIndicator -eq '=>' filter, which
# - as in your question - only reports differences
# from the -DifferenceObject collection.
# To report differences from *either* collection, simply remove the filter.
$diff = 
  Compare-Object -Property RelativePath -PassThru $dir1Dirs $dir2Dirs | 
  Where-Object SideIndicator -eq '=>'

# Output the results.
if ($diff) {
    Write-Host "Files that are different:"
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host "No differences found."
}

答案2

得分: 1

你的代码中有两个问题。

1. 在使用 Compare-Object 时，你还需要提供 -Property 参数来指示要检查的属性值。
2. 在使用 Get-ChildItem 时，你使用了 -Name 属性，这是不起作用的。

以下是更新后的代码：

# 提示输入要比较的两个文件夹的路径
$folder1 = Read-Host "输入文件夹 A 的路径"
$folder2 = Read-Host "输入文件夹 B 的路径"

# 提示是否忽略文件扩展名
$ignoreExtensions = Read-Host "忽略文件扩展名？（y/n）"
$ignoreExtensions = $ignoreExtensions.ToLower() -eq "y"

# 获取每个文件夹中的文件，并将它们的名称和路径存储在数组中
$dir1Dirs = Get-ChildItem $folder1 -Recurse | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}
$dir2Dirs = Get-ChildItem $folder2 -Recurse | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}

# 比较两个文件名数组，并显示不同的文件的路径
$diff = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $dir1Dirs -DifferenceObject $dir2Dirs -Property FullName | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "=>" }

if ($diff) {
    Write-Host "不同的文件："
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host "未发现差异。"
}

希望这有所帮助。

# Prompt for the paths of the two folders to compare
$folder1 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder A"
$folder2 = Read-Host "Enter the path for Folder B"

# Prompt for whether to ignore file extensions
$ignoreExtensions = Read-Host "Ignore file extensions? (y/n)"
$ignoreExtensions = $ignoreExtensions.ToLower() -eq "y"

# Get the files in each folder and store their names and paths in arrays
$dir1Dirs = Get-ChildItem $folder1 -Recurse | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}
$dir2Dirs = Get-ChildItem $folder2 -Recurse | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.Name
    if ($ignoreExtensions) {
        $name = $name -replace '\.[^.]*$'
    }
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $name
        FullName = $_.FullName
    }
}

# Compare the two arrays of file names and display the paths to files that are different
$diff = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $dir1Dirs -DifferenceObject $dir2Dirs -Property FullName | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "=>" }

if ($diff) {
    Write-Host "Files that are different:"
    $diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
} else {
    Write-Host "No differences found."
}