英文:
"Multiple definition" error when statically linking
问题
I'm trying to compile a link together these simple example programs:
main.cpp:
#include "server.hpp"
int main()
{
}
server.hpp:
#ifndef SERVER_HPP
#define SERVER_HPP
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
class Server
{
boost::asio::io_context context;
void listen();
};
#endif
server.cpp:
#include "server.hpp"
void Server::listen()
{
static boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor {
context,
{boost::asio::ip::tcp::v4(), 1000}
};
}
I'm compiling all this with gcc 13.1:
g++ -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -std=c++23 .\main.cpp .\server.cpp -lws2_32
However, for some reason I cannot understand, I get this linker error:
D:/Programmi/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: D:/Programmi/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../lib\libstdc++.a(tinfo.o):(.text$ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS+0x0): multiple definition of `std::type_info::operator==(std::type_info const&) const'; C:\Users\jayok\AppData\Local\Temp\cc4dUKMC.o:server.cpp:(.text$ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS[ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS]+0x0): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
If I make the body of the "listen" function empty, or if I make the linking not-static by omitting those arguments, however, this error no longer appears, and the compilation is successful.
英文:
I'm trying to compile a link together these simple example programs:
main.cpp:
#include "server.hpp"
int main()
{
}
server.hpp:
#ifndef SERVER_HPP
#define SERVER_HPP
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
class Server
{
boost::asio::io_context context;
void listen();
};
#endif
server.cpp:
#include "server.hpp"
void Server::listen()
{
static boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor {
context,
{boost::asio::ip::tcp::v4(), 1000}
};
}
I'm compiling all this with gcc 13.1:
> g++ -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -std=c++23 .\main.cpp .\server.cpp -lws2_32
>
However, for some reason I cannot understand, I get this linker error:
> D:/Programmi/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: D:/Programmi/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../lib\libstdc++.a(tinfo.o):(.text$ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS+0x0): multiple definition of `std::type_info::operator==(std::type_info const&) const'; C:\Users\jayok\AppData\Local\Temp\cc4dUKMC.o:server.cpp:(.text$ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS[ZNKSt9type_infoeqERKS]+0x0): first defined here
> collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
If I make the body of the "listen" function empty, or if I make the linking not-static by omitting those arguments, however, this error no longer appears, and the compilation is successful.
答案1
得分: 1
> So, could it be a compiler bug?
确实，这似乎是一个与 GCC 相关的问题，更确切地说是与 libstdc++ 相关的问题。
> How do I signal it to the developer?
根据 libstdc++ 文档：
> ### 实现错误
>
> 已知错误的信息、修复这些错误的努力细节以及已修复的错误都可在 GCC 缺陷跟踪系统 的“libstdc++”组件中找到。
在这里，现在已经报告了这个问题。（最初找不到，但后来找到了更新。）
解决方法：
如果可以不使用运行时类型信息（RTTI），那么使用 -fno-rtti 编译选项可以节省您的构建时间。
英文:
> So, could it be a compiler bug?
Indeed, this seems to be a GCC — or rather libstdc++ — related issue.
The reason there's nothing much to find about it is that it only seems to occur with c++23 and static linking, so probably not very many of us have hit it.
> How do I signal it to the developer?
From the libstdc++ docs:
> ### Implementation Bugs
>
> Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and fixed
> bugs are all available as part of the GCC bug tracking system, under
> the component “libstdc++”.
Here, it's been reported now, actually. (Couldn't find it initially, but came back with the update.)
Workaround:
If you can do without RTTI, then compiling with -fno-rtti can save your build.
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