问题

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我正在尝试使用Python中的Beautifulsoup4替换HTML文档中的所有文本，包括那些既包含文本又包含其他元素的元素。例如，我想将`<div>text1<strong>text2</strong>text3</div>`变成`<div>text1_changed<strong>text2_changed</strong>text3_changed</div>`。

我知道有一个相关的线程https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42040730/faster-way-of-replacing-text-in-all-dom-elements，但是这个线程使用了Javascript，所以其中使用的函数在Python中不可用。我想要使用原生Python实现相同的目标。

如果所有标签都包含标签或文本（rand_text函数返回一个随机字符串），我已经有能够工作的代码：
```python
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def randomize(html):
    soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
    elements = soup.find_all()

    for el in elements:
        if el.string == None:
            pass
        else:
            replacement = rand_text(el.text)
        el.string.replace_with(replacement)
    return soup

然而，当元素的"string"属性为None时，这段代码在上面的示例中不起作用，因为该元素既包含其他元素又包含文本。

我还尝试过，如果"string"属性为None，则创建一个新元素，然后替换整个元素：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def anonymize2(html):
    soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
    elements = soup.find_all()
    for el in elements:
        replacement = rand_text(el.text)
        if el.string:
            el.string.replace_with(replacement)
        else:
            new_el = soup.new_tag(el.name)
            new_el.attrs = el.attrs
            for sub_el in el.contents:
                new_el.append(sub_el)
            new_el.string = replacement
            parent = el.parent
            if parent:
                if new_el not in soup:
                    soup.append(new_el)
                parent.replace_with(new_el)
    return soup

然而，这段代码会引发错误"ValueError: Cannot replace one element with another when the element to be replaced is not part of a tree."。我认为我之所以会遇到这个错误，是因为算法已经替换了要替换的元素的父元素。

我应该实现什么逻辑来解决这个问题？或者如何使用不同的方法实现我的原始目标？

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I am trying to replace all text in a HTML document using Beautifulsoap4 in Python, including elements that have both text and other elements inside them. For instance I want  
`&lt;div&gt;text1&lt;strong&gt;text2&lt;/strong&gt;text3&lt;/div&gt;` to become  
`&lt;div&gt;text1_changed&lt;strong&gt;text2_changed&lt;/strong&gt;text3_changed&lt;/div&gt;`.

I am aware of the thread https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42040730/faster-way-of-replacing-text-in-all-dom-elements, however this uses Javascript, so the functions used are not available in Python. I would like to accomplish the same goal using native Python.

I have code that already works if all tags contain either tags or text (the rand_text function returns a random string):

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def randomize(html):
soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
elements = soup.find_all()

for el in elements:
    if el.string == None:
        pass
    else:
        replacement = rand_text(el.text)
    el.string.replace_with(replacement)
return soup

However this code will not work in the above example, when the element's "string" attribute is None, because it has both other elements and text inside.

I have also tried creating a new element if the "string" attribute is None and then replace the entire element:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def anonymize2(html):
soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
elements = soup.find_all()
for el in elements:
replacement = rand_text(el.text)
if el.string:
el.string.replace_with(replacement)
else:
new_el = soup.new_tag(el.name)
new_el.attrs = el.attrs
for sub_el in el.contents:
new_el.append(sub_el)
new_el.string = replacement
parent = el.parent
if parent:
if new_el not in soup:
soup.append(new_el)
parent.replace_with(new_el)
return soup

however this one gives the error "*ValueError: Cannot replace one element with another when the element to be replaced is not part of a tree.*"  
I think I am getting this error, because the algorithm already replaced the parent of the element it is trying to replace.  

What logic could I implement to fix this?  
Or how could I accomplish my original goal using a different method?

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 0

你可以遍历元素的 `contents` 并检查每个项目是否为字符串，然后替换字符串。

```python
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def randomize(html):
    soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
    elements = soup.find_all()

    for el in elements:
        replacement = rand_text(el.text)
        if el.string:
            el.string.replace_with(replacement)
        else:
            for sub_el in el.contents:
                if isinstance(sub_el, str):
                    sub_el.replace_with(rand_text(sub_el))
    return soup

# 用于测试目的定义的。请用您自己的逻辑替换这个。
def rand_text(text):
    return text + "_changed"

html = "<div>text1<strong>text2</strong>text3</div>"
print(randomize(html))

输出:

<div>text1_changed<strong>text2_changed</strong>text3_changed</div>

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

def randomize(html):
    soup = bs(html, features='html.parser')
    elements = soup.find_all()

    for el in elements:
        replacement = rand_text(el.text)
        if el.string:
            el.string.replace_with(replacement)
        else:
            for sub_el in el.contents:
                if isinstance(sub_el, str):
                    sub_el.replace_with(rand_text(sub_el))
    return soup

# defined for testing purposes. Replace this with your own logic
def rand_text(text):
    return text + "_changed"



html = "<div>text1<strong>text2</strong>text3</div>"
print(randomize(html))

<div>text1_changed<strong>text2_changed</strong>text3_changed</div>