问题

Sure, here is the translated code portion:

我有一个包含以时间戳结尾的文件的目录。我想按文件名中的时间戳顺序迭代这个目录中的文件。我在Unix的shell脚本中进行这个操作。

filename1_20230517_065806.txt
filename2_20230517_055806.txt
filename_3_20230517_125806.txt
file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt

需要按以下顺序处理文件：

filename2_20230517_055806.txt
file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt
filename1_20230517_065806.txt
filename_3_20230517_125806.txt

排序应该只考虑文件名中的时间部分。我希望做类似这样的事情，但由于文件名可以包含任意数量的下划线，所以我遇到了困难。

for i in $(ls *.txt | sort -t'_' -k3)
do...

有办法让sort命令查看最后一个分隔的索引并根据它进行排序吗？

Please note that the translation is provided only for the code portion, as per your request.

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I have a directory that contains files ending in a timestamp. I would like to iterate through the files in this directory order by that timestamp in the name. I am doing this in a shell script in Unix.

filename1_20230517_065806.txt
filename2_20230517_055806.txt
filename_3_20230517_125806.txt
file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt

I need this to be processed in the following order

filename2_20230517_055806.txt
file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt
filename1_20230517_065806.txt
filename_3_20230517_125806.txt

The order should only be looking at the time section of the file name. I was hoping to do something like this, but since the filed names can have any number of underscores I'm having difficulties. 

for i in $(ls *.txt | sort -t'_' -k3)
do...

Is there a way to have sort look at the last delimited index and sort by that? 

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 1

我认为你需要使用awk来处理这个问题，使用临时增加数据的“技巧”，即在每一行前缀加上所需的排序键。我在下面的排序键中添加了日期（$(NF-1)）。

```bash
for i in $(ls *.txt | awk -F_ '{print $(NF-1) $NF "\t" $0}' | sort | cut -f 2-)
do...

答案2

得分: 1

你可以使用 "rev" 来反转元素，然后根据前两个元素进行排序：

#!/bin/bash

filenames="filename1_20230517_065806.txt filename2_20230517_055806.txt filename_3_20230517_125806.txt file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt"

# Convert the filenames string into an array
IFS=' ' read -r -a files_array <<< "$filenames"

# Sort the array based on the timestamp with reversed elements
sorted_array=($(for file in "${files_array[@]}"; do
  timestamp=$(echo "$file" | rev | cut -d_ -f1,2 | rev)
  echo "$timestamp $file"
done | sort | cut -d' ' -f2))

for file in "${sorted_array[@]}"; do
  echo "$file"
done

filename2_20230517_055806.txt
file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt
filename1_20230517_065806.txt
filename_3_20230517_125806.txt

答案3

得分: 1

$ find . -type f -name "*.txt"|awk -F_ '{a[$NF]=$0} END{n=asorti(a,b); for(i=1; i<=n; i++) print a[b[i]]}'
./filename2_20230517_055806.txt
./file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt
./filename1_20230517_065806.txt
./filename_3_20230517_125806.txt

$ find . -type f -name "*.txt"|awk -F_ '{a[$NF]=$0} END{n=asorti(a,b); for(i=1; i<=n; i++) print a[b[i]]}'
./filename2_20230517_055806.txt
./file_name_4_20230517_063806.txt
./filename1_20230517_065806.txt
./filename_3_20230517_125806.txt