C++ OOP overloading ostream problem at printing

This is my code:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class ObiectCosmic{
protected:
char* nume;
float raza;
float masa;
public:
ObiectCosmic(char* nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float maza = 0.0);
virtual ~ObiectCosmic();
};
ObiectCosmic::ObiectCosmic(char* nume, float raza, float masa){
this->nume = new char[strlen(nume) + 1];
strcpy(this->nume, nume);
this->raza = raza;
this->masa = masa;
}
ObiectCosmic::~ObiectCosmic(){
delete[] nume;
}
class Planeta: public ObiectCosmic{
private:
float perioadaRotatie;
public:
Planeta(char* nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float perioadaRotatie = 0.0);
~Planeta();
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Planeta& p);
};
Planeta::Planeta(char* nume, float raza, float masa, float perioadaRotatie): ObiectCosmic(nume, raza, masa){
this->perioadaRotatie = perioadaRotatie;
}
Planeta::~Planeta(){}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Planeta& p){
os << "Nume: " << p.nume << ", raza: " << p.raza << "masa: " << p.masa << ", rotatie: " << p.perioadaRotatie << endl;
return os;
}
class Stea: public ObiectCosmic{
private:
float stralucire;
public:
Stea(char* nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float stralucire = 0.0);
~Stea();
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Stea& s);
};
Stea::Stea(char* nume, float raza, float masa, float stralucire): ObiectCosmic(nume, raza, masa){
this->stralucire = stralucire;
}
Stea::~Stea(){}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Stea& s){
os << "Nume: " << s.nume << ", raza: " << s.raza << "masa: " << s.masa << ", stralucire: " << s.stralucire << endl;
return os;    
}
int main(){
Stea s("Soare", 123123.54, 3543454325.2, 343434.132);
Planeta p("Pamant", 34132.12, 567546.234, 3545.13);
Planeta p2;
ObiectCosmic* obiecte[] = {
&s,
&p,
&p2
};
for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(obiecte) / sizeof(ObiectCosmic*); i++)
cout << obiecte[i] << endl;
return 0;       
}

He is printing the adress of objects instead of what i wrote.

I tried with cout << *obiecte[i] << endl;, but i have an error.

10.cpp:79:14: error: no match for 'operator<<' (operand types are 'std::ostream' {aka 'std::basic_ostream<char>'} and 'ObiectCosmic')
79 |         cout << *obiecte[i] << endl;
|         ~~~~ ^~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
|         |       |     
|         |       ObiectCosmic
|         std::ostream {aka std::basic_ostream<char>} 
In file included from C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/12.2.0/iostream:39

There are several problems with your code.

For starters string literals in C++ have types of constant character arrays.

So for example instead of this constructor declaration

Stea(char* nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float stralucire = 0.0);

you have to write

Stea( const char* nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float stralucire = 0.0);

Numerical data members have the the float. So you need to call the constructors providing constants of the type float like for example

Stea s( "Soare", 123123.54f, 3543454325.2f, 343434.132f );
Planeta p( "Pamant", 34132.12f, 567546.234f, 3545.13f );

Otherwise the compiler can issue a warining relative to narrowing conversion. Otherwise declare the data members as having the type double.

You declared a friend function that accepts a reference to the type Stea

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const `Stea`& s);

but trying to call it passing references to objects of the type Planeta. So the compiler issues an error that there is no such a function.

To make the friend operator << "virtual" you should declare it like

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Planeta& s);

and within it call a virtual function of an object of the corresponding type.

Here is a demonstration program.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class ObiectCosmic
{
protected:
char *nume;
float raza;
float masa;
virtual std::ostream & out( std::ostream &os = std::cout ) const 
{
return os << "Nume: " << nume << ", raza: " << raza << ", masa: " << masa;
}
public:
ObiectCosmic( const char *nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float maza = 0.0 );
virtual ~ObiectCosmic();
friend ostream & operator <<( ostream &os, const ObiectCosmic &p );
};
ObiectCosmic::ObiectCosmic( const char *nume, float raza, float masa ) 
{
this->nume = new char[strlen( nume ) + 1];
strcpy( this->nume, nume );
this->raza = raza;
this->masa = masa;
}
ObiectCosmic::~ObiectCosmic() 
{
delete[] nume;
}
class Planeta : public ObiectCosmic
{
protected:
std::ostream &out( std::ostream &os = std::cout ) const override
{
return  ObiectCosmic:: out( os ) << ", perioada rotatie: " << perioadaRotatie;
}
private:
float perioadaRotatie;
public:
Planeta( const char *nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float perioadaRotatie = 0.0 );
~Planeta();
};
Planeta::Planeta( const char *nume, float raza, float masa, float perioadaRotatie ) : ObiectCosmic( nume, raza, masa ) {
this->perioadaRotatie = perioadaRotatie;
}
Planeta::~Planeta() {}
ostream &operator<<( ostream &os, const ObiectCosmic &p ) {
return p.out( os );
}
class Stea : public ObiectCosmic
{
private:
float stralucire;
public:
Stea( const char *nume = "", float raza = 0.0, float masa = 0.0, float stralucire = 0.0 );
~Stea();
};
Stea::Stea( const char *nume, float raza, float masa, float stralucire ) : ObiectCosmic( nume, raza, masa ) {
this->stralucire = stralucire;
}
Stea::~Stea() {}
int main()
{
Stea s( "Soare", 123123.54f, 3543454325.2f, 343434.132f );
Planeta p( "Pamant", 34132.12f, 567546.234f, 3545.13f );
Planeta p2;
ObiectCosmic *obiecte[] = {
&s,
&p,
&p2
};
for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof( obiecte ) / sizeof( *obiecte ); i++)
cout << *obiecte[i] << endl;
}

The program output is

Nume: Soare, raza: 123124, masa: 3.54345e+09
Nume: Pamant, raza: 34132.1, masa: 567546, perioada rotatie: 3545.13
Nume: , raza: 0, masa: 0, perioada rotatie: 0