During GET request handling with flask, I get the error: 'tuple' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

I am working on a proxy (correct term?) to forward all traffic from my Flask web server to google.com, then return it. (If I go to 127.0.0.1/search?q=stack%20overflow, it should return the content of google.com/search?q=stack%20overflow).

<strike>The error occurs in flask, not my code.</strike>
Thank you to @LukeWoodward for pointing this out.

My code:

from flask import Flask, request, Response
import requests
import urllib.parse
app = Flask(__name__)
# Add percent codes (like %20) to URLs
def add_percent_codes(urlsection):
return urllib.parse.quote(urlsection.encode('utf8'))
def parse_sent_args(args_dict):
args_str = '?'
for key in args_dict:
args_str += str(key) + '=' + str(args_dict[key]) + '&'
return args_str[:-1]
# Define the handling function for every packet
def forward_packet(packet):
# Modify or process the packet as needed
print('Received packet:', packet)
try:
# Forward the packet to Google.com
google_response = requests.get('https://www.google.com/' + packet)
response_to_return = \
[google_response.content.decode('utf8', errors='ignore'),
int(google_response.status_code),
bytes(google_response.headers.items()).decode('utf8', errors='ignore')]
print('Forwarded packet to Google.com.')
# Return the response
return response_to_return
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
print('Error forwarding packet:', e)
return 'HTTPError occurred: {}'.format(e), 500
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print('Error forwarding packet:', e)
return 'RequestException occurred: {}'.format(e), 500
def handle_get_request(path):
try:
# Call the handling function for the packet
response = forward_packet(path)
return response
finally: pass
#except Exception as e:
#print('Error handling GET request:\n')
#return str(e), 500
@app.route('/<path:path>', methods=['GET'])
def handle_get(path):
# Get the incoming packet from the URL path
args_dict = dict(request.args)
end_url_args = parse_sent_args(args_dict)
full_path = '/' + path + end_url_args
return handle_get_request(path)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

The error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 2525, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 1822, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 1796, in dispatch_request
return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/eesa/Code/proxyforblocking/attempt2.py", line 63, in handle_get
return handle_get_request(path)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/eesa/Code/proxyforblocking/attempt2.py", line 49, in handle_get_request
response = forward_packet(path)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/eesa/Code/proxyforblocking/attempt2.py", line 30, in forward_packet
bytes(google_response.headers.items()).decode('utf8', errors='ignore')]
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: 'tuple' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

Small note: I commented out error handling to get the full traceback, and added the "finally" block to avoid other errors.

Your error is right here in the traceback:

> File "/home/eesa/Code/proxyforblocking/attempt2.py", line 30, in
> forward_packet
> bytes(google_response.headers.items()).decode('utf8', errors='ignore')]
> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TypeError: 'tuple' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

The requests Response object contains a dictionary of HTTP headers at Response.headers, which would be google_response.headers in your code. Calling items() on this dictionary returns a dictionary view. You are trying to pass a dictionary view to the bytes constructor, which is failing.

I'm not sure exactly what you're trying to do here, but if you just want to return the headers provided by the Response object, you could convert the dictionary to a string, or you could use the json module to create a JSON string representation of the headers dictionary.

For example:

import json

# ...
response_to_return = [
  google_response.content.decode('utf8', errors='ignore'),
  int(google_response.status_code),
  json.dumps(google_response.headers)  # alternatively, str(google_response.headers)
]
# ...