英文:
CakePHP built in web server: can you specify the PHP binary that's used
问题
CakePHP中有一个内置的Web服务器，用于开发。
可以使用bin/cake server启动该服务器，默认情况下会在http://localhost:8765上提供应用程序。
在我的情况下，我有一个旧的CakePHP 3.8.13应用程序。在我的MacBook上，全局php可执行文件是PHP 8版本：
% php -v
PHP 8.0.27 (cli) (built: Jan 12 2023 15:36:37) ( NTS )
这是有问题的，因为CakePHP 3.8.13不设计运行在PHP 8上，它适用于PHP 7。
在我的MacBook上，我安装了PHP版本7.1、7.2、7.3和8.0，它们位于/usr/local/opt/目录下。这些是通过brew安装的。所以，如果我想执行PHP 7.2，可以这样做：
% /usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jan 21 2023 06:18:05) ( NTS )
我有一个问题：如何使bin/cake server使用二进制文件，例如PHP 7.2，而不是全局安装的版本PHP 8？
我尝试过alias php=/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php，最初看起来似乎可以正常工作，因为随后执行php时会使用适当的版本：
% alias php=/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php
% php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jan 21 2023 06:18:05) ( NTS )
然而，如果我停止然后重新启动内置的CakePHP Web服务器，日志中会显示以下内容：
% bin/cake server
built-in server is running in http://localhost:8765/
You can exit with `CTRL-C`
[Wed Apr 19 09:35:19 2023] PHP 8.0.27 Development Server (http://localhost:8765) started
请注意，这使用的是PHP 8.0.27，这不是我想要的。
英文:
In CakePHP there is a built in web server that can be used for development.
This can be started with bin/cake server which then serves the application by default on http://localhost:8765
In my case I have an old CakePHP 3.8.13 application. On my MacBook the global php executable is PHP version 8:
% php -v
PHP 8.0.27 (cli) (built: Jan 12 2023 15:36:37) ( NTS )
This is problematic because CakePHP 3.8.13 is not designed to run on PHP 8. It works on PHP 7.
On my MacBook I have PHP versions 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and 8.0 installed in /usr/local/opt/. These have been installed with brew. So if I want to execute PHP version 7.2 I can do it like this:
% /usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jan 21 2023 06:18:05) ( NTS )
The question I have is: how can I make bin/cake server use a binary such as PHP 7.2, rather than the globally installed version PHP 8?
I tried alias php=/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php and this initially appears to work in that when subsequently executing php it uses the appropriate version:
% alias php=/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php
% php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jan 21 2023 06:18:05) ( NTS )
However, if I then stop and restart the inbuilt CakePHP web server it says the following in the logs:
% bin/cake server
built-in server is running in http://localhost:8765/
You can exit with `CTRL-C`
[Wed Apr 19 09:35:19 2023] PHP 8.0.27 Development Server (http://localhost:8765) started
Notice that this is using PHP 8.0.27 which isn't what I want.
答案1
得分: 2
服务器命令通过PHP的system()调用创建一个新的Shell，但别名不会传播到子Shell。
从CakePHP 4.1.6开始，服务器命令识别PHP环境变量，因此你可以像这样操作：
export PHP=/path/to/php ; bin/cake server
在早期版本中，你可以创建自己的CakePHP命令，使用环境变量，手动启动PHP内置服务器(/path/to/php -S localhost:8765 -t /path/to/webroot/)，或者使用Homebrew等工具来管理PHP版本，正如@Cbroe在评论中提到的那样。
英文:
The server command creates a new shell via PHP's system() call, and aliases do not propagate into sub-shells.
As of CakePHP 4.1.6 the server command recognizes the PHP environment variable, so that you could do something like:
export PHP=/path/to/php ; bin/cake server
With earlier versions you could either create your own CakePHP command that uses an environment variable, start the PHP built-in server manually (/path/to/php -S localhost:8765 -t /path/to/webroot/), or manage PHP versions with for example Homebrew as mentioned by @Cbroe in the comments.
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