问题

这篇文章似乎展示了在Linux上使用HISTTIMEFORMAT环境变量的等效方法，用于显示日期和时间：

# history
    1  2017-08-16 15:30:15 yum install -y mysql-server mysql-client
    2  2017-08-16 15:30:15 service mysqld start
    3  2017-08-16 15:30:15 sysdig proc.name=sshd

在Windows事件查看器中可能存在一个日志或订阅，可以启用或注册此功能。这个功能可能已经存在于PowerShell中...

检查了doskey /?，但没有找到相关信息。

❓ 是否可能获取命令执行的详细信息，以及可用的方法有哪些？

# history
    1  2017-08-16 15:30:15 yum install -y mysql-server mysql-client
    2  2017-08-16 15:30:15 service mysqld start
    3  2017-08-16 15:30:15 sysdig proc.name=sshd

答案1

得分: 1

以下是您要翻译的内容：

<!-- language-all: sh -->

PowerShell的[`Get-History`](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/get-history) cmdlet（内置别名为`ghy`，`h`和`history`）输出[`Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo)对象，您可以使用[`Format-Table`](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/format-table)轻松选择其属性以显示，例如：

```powershell
Get-History | Format-Table Id, StartExecutionTime, CommandLine

示例输出：

Id StartExecutionTime    CommandLine
-- ------------------    -----------
77 4/17/2023 9:59:58 AM  Get-ChildItem *.txt
78 4/17/2023 10:00:00 AM Get-Date

Get-History的默认显示格式在PowerShell（Core）7+中显示Duration属性值而不是StartExecutionTime，在Windows PowerShell中两者都不显示。

当然，您可以自由选择包括Duration和StartExecutionTime。

注意：

• 截至PowerShell 7.3.4，Get-History只显示当前会话的历史记录，不包括由PSReadLine模块维护的持久历史记录 - 参见GitHub问题#12061以了解讨论。

• 由于这里提供的解决方案是基于Get-History构建的，它们也仅适用于当前会话历史记录，与bash的history内置命令不同。

• 如果将来实现与持久会话历史的集成，那么后者的文件格式将需要扩展，因为它当前仅存储_命令_。

如果要更改_默认_格式，您有两个基本选项：

• 创建一个带有所需列的*.format.ps1xml文件，并使用Update-FormatData -PrependPath从您的$PROFILE文件中加载它。这是最佳方法，但不太简单。请参阅下文。

• 次优地，但_更简单地_，创建一个包装Get-History的_自定义函数_；您还可以重新定义别名以指向您的自定义函数（例如，Set-Alias h Format-HistoryCustom） - 再次将这些定义放在您的$PROFILE文件中：

  function Format-HistoryCustom {  
    Get-History @args |
      Format-Table Id, StartExecutionTime, CommandLine
  }
  

通过从$PROFILE加载的自定义格式数据向Get-History的输出添加StartExecutionTime列：

以下实现了上述讨论的第一种方法。请注意，在_Windows PowerShell_上还添加了Duration列（在_PowerShell（Core）_中默认存在）。

下面使用的自定义XML数据是通过以下方式获取的，然后手动更新：

Get-FormatData Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo |
  Export-FormatData -IncludeScriptBlock -LiteralPath HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml

运行此命令一次，将在$PROFILE文件旁边放置一个HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml文件，并将一个命令附加到$PROFILE本身，以使用Update-FormatData -PrependPath加载该文件。

# 确保$PROFILE所在的目录存在。
$profileDir = New-Item -Type Directory -Force (Split-Path $PROFILE)

# 在配置文件旁边创建一个“HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml”文件。
$customFormatFile = 'HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml'
@'
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!-- 添加StartExecutionTime列到Get-History输出，以及在WinPS中也添加Duration列（在PowerShell（Core）中默认包含）。 --><Configuration><ViewDefinitions><View><Name>history</Name><ViewSelectedBy><TypeName>Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo</TypeName></ViewSelectedBy><TableControl><TableHeaders><TableColumnHeader><Width>4</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader><Width>21</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader><Label>Duration</Label><Width>12</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader /></TableHeaders><TableRowEntries><TableRowEntry><TableColumnItems><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>Id</PropertyName></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>StartExecutionTime</PropertyName></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><ScriptBlock>
                                $duration = $_.EndExecutionTime - $_.StartExecutionTime
                                if ($duration.TotalHours -ge 10) {
                                    return "{0}:{1:mm}:{1:ss}.{1:fff}" -f [int]$duration.TotalHours, $duration
                                }
                                elseif ($duration.TotalHours -ge 1) {
                                    $formatString = "h\:mm\:ss\.fff"
                                }
                                elseif ($duration.TotalMinutes -ge 1) {
                                    $formatString = "m\:ss\.fff"
                                }
                                else {
                                    $formatString = "s\.fff"
                                }

                                $duration.ToString($formatString)
</ScriptBlock></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>CommandLine</PropertyName></TableColumnItem></TableColumnItems></TableRowEntry></TableRowEntries></TableControl></View><View><Name>history</Name><ViewSelectedBy><TypeName>Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo</TypeName></ViewSelectedBy><WideControl><WideEntries><WideEntry><WideItem><PropertyName>CommandLine</PropertyName></WideItem></WideEntry></WideEntries></WideControl></View></ViewDefinitions></Configuration>
'@ > (Join-Path $profileDir $customFormatFile)

# 在配置文件中追加一个命令，将格式数据加载到每

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

&lt;!-- language-all: sh --&gt;

PowerShell&#39;s [`Get-History`](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/get-history) cmdlet (whose built-in aliases are `ghy`, `h`, and `history`) outputs [`Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo) objects, whose properties you can easily select for display with [`Format-Table`](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/format-table), for instance:

Get-History | Format-Table Id, StartExecutionTime, CommandLine

Sample output: 

Id StartExecutionTime CommandLine

77 4/17/2023 9:59:58 AM Get-ChildItem *.txt
78 4/17/2023 10:00:00 AM Get-Date

`Get-History`'s *default* [for-display formatting](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/developer/format/formatting-file-overview) shows the `Duration` property values instead of `StartExecutionTime` in [_PowerShell (Core) 7+_](https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/blob/master/README.md), and _neither_ in *Windows PowerShell*.

Of course, you're free to include _both_ `Duration` and `StartExecutionTime`.

Note: 
 * As of PowerShell 7.3.4, `Get-History` only ever shows the _current session_'s history, not also the _persisted_ history maintained by the [`PSReadLine` module](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/psreadline/about/about_psreadline) - see [GitHub issue #12061](https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/issues/12061) for a discussion.

 * Since the **solutions presented here** build on `Get-History`, they too are **effective for the *current-session* history only**, unlike `bash`'s `history` builtin.

   * Should integration with the persistent session history ever be implemented, the latter's file format would have to be extended, given that it currently stores _commands only_. 

---

If you want to change the _default_ formatting, you have two fundamental options:

* Author a `*.format.ps1xml` file with the desired columns and load it with [`Update-FormatData`](https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/update-formatdata) `-PrependPath`, from your [`$PROFILE` file](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_Profiles).  
This is the best approach, but non-trivial, unfortunately. See below.

* _Suboptimally_, but _more simply_, create a _custom function_ that wraps `Get-History`; you may also redefine the aliases to point to your custom function (e.g., `Set-Alias h Format-HistoryCustom`) -  again, place these definitions in your `$PROFILE` file:

      function Format-HistoryCustom {  
        Get-History @args |
          Format-Table Id, StartExecutionTime, CommandLine
      }

---

#### Adding a `StartExecutionTime` column to `Get-History`'s output, via custom formatting data loaded from `$PROFILE`:

The following implements the first approach discussed above.
Note that on _Windows PowerShell_ a `Duration` column is added as well (which is present by default in _PowerShell (Core) 7+_).

The customized XML data used below was obtained by obtaining the current definitions as follows, followed by updating it by hand:

    Get-FormatData Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo |
      Export-FormatData -IncludeScriptBlock -LiteralPath HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml

Run this _once_, which will place a `HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml` file alongside your `$PROFILE` file and append a command to load that file with `Update-FormatData -PrependPath` to `$PROFILE` itself.

Make sure that the directory in which $PROFILE is located exists.

$profileDir = New-Item -Type Directory -Force (Split-Path $PROFILE)

Create a "HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml" file next to the profile file.

$customFormatFile = 'HistoryInfo.format.ps1xml'
@'
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!-- Add a StartExecutionTime column to Get-History output, and on WinPS also a Duration column (included by default in PowerShell (Core)). --><Configuration><ViewDefinitions><View><Name>history</Name><ViewSelectedBy><TypeName>Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo</TypeName></ViewSelectedBy><TableControl><TableHeaders><TableColumnHeader><Width>4</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader><Width>21</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader><Label>Duration</Label><Width>12</Width><Alignment>Right</Alignment></TableColumnHeader><TableColumnHeader /></TableHeaders><TableRowEntries><TableRowEntry><TableColumnItems><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>Id</PropertyName></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>StartExecutionTime</PropertyName></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><ScriptBlock>
$duration = $.EndExecutionTime - $.StartExecutionTime
if ($duration.TotalHours -ge 10) {
return "{0}:{1:mm}:{1:ss}.{1:fff}" -f [int]$duration.TotalHours, $duration
}
elseif ($duration.TotalHours -ge 1) {
$formatString = "h:mm:ss.fff"
}
elseif ($duration.TotalMinutes -ge 1) {
$formatString = "m:ss.fff"
}
else {
$formatString = "s.fff"
}

                            $duration.ToString($formatString)

</ScriptBlock></TableColumnItem><TableColumnItem><PropertyName>CommandLine</PropertyName></TableColumnItem></TableColumnItems></TableRowEntry></TableRowEntries></TableControl></View><View><Name>history</Name><ViewSelectedBy><TypeName>Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.HistoryInfo</TypeName></ViewSelectedBy><WideControl><WideEntries><WideEntry><WideItem><PropertyName>CommandLine</PropertyName></WideItem></WideEntry></WideEntries></WideControl></View></ViewDefinitions></Configuration>
'@ > (Join-Path $profileDir $customFormatFile)

Append a command to the profile that loads the formatting data into every session.

@"

Load custom formatting data for Get-History.

Update-FormatData -PrependPath "`$PSScriptRoot/$customFormatFile"
"@ | Add-Content $PROFILE

</details>