英文:
How to align dropdown-contents to their buttons for different viewport sizes?
问题
我会只返回翻译好的部分，不包括代码。以下是您的内容的翻译：
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="responsive.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<title>Responsive</title>
</head>
<header class="header">
<div class="buttons">
<h1>Web Developer Portfolio</h1>
<button class="Login">Login</button>
<button class="signup">Signup</button>
<button class="btn" onclick="window.location.href='index.html';"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></button>
</div>
</header>
<body>
<!-- ATTENTION : start -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-s-3">
<div class="pinkContainer">
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">About Me</button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="html.html">Developer News</a>
<a href="motivation.html">What motivates me</a>
<a href="#">Examples</a>
<a href="#">Contact Me</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">Portfolio</button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="#">Restaurant</a>
<a href="#">Lawyer's Office</a>
<a href="#">Design Office</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class "dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">Tutorials</button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="tableofcontent.html">Table of contents</a>
<a href="#">HTML</a>
<a href="#">CSS</a>
<a href="#">JAVASCRIPT</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ATTENTION : end -->
<div class="col-6 col-s-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided into two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-s-12">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content responds to resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row::after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: table;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
background-color: pink;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header,
.footer {
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 10px;
background-color: rgb(207, 232, 220);
border: 2px solid rgb(79, 185, 227);
text-align: center;
}
h1 {
color: white;
float: left;
font-family: "Arial Black";
font-size: 2.3rem;
margin-top: 10px;
word-spacing: 5px;
letter-spacing: 2px;
}
.buttons {
width: 100%;
background-color: gold;
display: inline-block;
}
.Login, .signup, .btn {
padding: 10px;
background-color: salmon;
color: white;
border-radius: 10px;
font-size: 18px;
float: right;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
}
.pinkContainer {
background-color: violet;
padding: 4px;
border-radius: 15px;
}
.dropbtn {
background-color: lightsalmon;
margin: 3px auto;
color: yellow;
padding: 16px;
cursor: pointer;
width: 100%;
font-size: 1em;
border-radius: 10px;
border: 1px solid light gray;
}
.dropdown {
position: relative;
display: block;
text-align: center;
}
.dropdown-content {
display: none;
position: relative;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
width: 80%;
box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
z-index: 1;
border-radius: 5px;
height: 140px;
overflow: auto;
}
.dropdown-content a {
color: dark gray;
padding: 12px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
display: block;
}
.dropdown:hover .dropbtn {
background-color: salmon;
border: 2px solid white;
border-radius: 5px;
}
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
.dropbtn {
width: 50%;
}
.dropdown-content {
width: 40%;
background-color: lightblue;
}
/* For tablets: */
.col-s-1 {
width: 8.33%;
}
.col-s-2 {
width: 16.66%;
}
.col-s-3 {
width: 30%;
}
.col-s-4 {
width: 33.33%;
}
.col-s-
<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>
I keep changing the position of the dropdown-contents so that they can align with their buttons but I need to make them stick together so on different viewports, I won't have to change their positions and sizes separately.
For example: in ".dropdown-content" class, I have to set different "left"s for different viewports.
But I need the width and position of the dropdown-content to stay same as the width and the position of their parents "menu buttons" so I will only need to change the button width on media queries.
I commented "ATTENTION : start" and "ATTENTION : end" on the areas you need to look at.
**HTML**
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="responsive.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<title>Responsive</title>
</head>
<header class="header">
<div class="buttons">
<h1>Web Developer Portfolio</h1>
<button class="Login">Login</button>
<button class="signup">Signup</button>
<button class="btn" onclick="window.location.href='index.html';"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></button>
</div>
</header>
<body>
<--! ATTENTION : start -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-3 col-s-3">
<div class="pinkContainer">
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">About Me</button>
<div class="dropdown-content" >
<a href="html.html">Developer News</a>
<a href="motivation.html">What motivates me</a>
<a href="#">Examples</a>
<a href="#">Contact Me</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">Portfolio</button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="#">Restaurant</a>
<a href="#">Lawyer's Office</a>
<a href="#">Design Office</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">Tutorials</button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="tableofcontent.html">Table of contents</a>
<a href="#">HTML</a>
<a href="#">CSS</a>
<a href="#">JAVASCRIPT</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ATTENTION : end -->
<div class="col-6 col-s-9">
<h1>The City</h1>
<p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-3 col-s-12">
<div class="aside">
<h2>What?</h2>
<p>Chania is a city on the island of Crete.</p>
<h2>Where?</h2>
<p>Crete is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>
<h2>How?</h2>
<p>You can reach Chania airport from all over Europe.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
**CSS**
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row::after {
content: "";
clear: both;
display: table;
}
[class*="col-"] {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
background-color: pink;
}
html {
font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
}
.header,
.footer {
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 10px;
background-color: rgb(207, 232, 220);
border: 2px solid rgb(79, 185, 227);
text-align: center;
}
h1 {
color: white;
float: left;
/*text-shadow: 2px 2px 1px black, 4px 4px 3px violet, 2px 2px 1px black, 2px 2px 2px black;*/
font-family: "Arial Black";
font-size: 2.3rem;
margin-top: 10px;
word-spacing: 5px;
letter-spacing: 2px;
}
.buttons {
width: 100%;
background-color: gold;
display: inline-block;
}
.Login , .signup , .btn {
padding: 10px;
background-color: salmon;
color: white;
border-radius: 10px;
font-size: 18px;
float: right;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.aside {
background-color: #33b5e5;
padding: 15px;
color: #ffffff;
text-align: center;
font-size: 14px;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}
/* ATTENTION : start */
.pinkContainer {
background-color: violet;
padding: 4px;
border-radius: 15px;
}
.dropbtn {
background-color:lightsalmon;
margin: 3px auto;
color: yellow;
padding: 16px;
cursor: pointer;
width: 100%;
font-size: 1em;
border-radius: 10px;
border: 1px solid lightgray;
}
.dropdown {
position: relative;
display: block;
text-align: center;
}
.dropdown-content {
display: none;
position: relative;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
width: 80%;
box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
z-index: 1;
border-radius: 5px;
height: 140px;
overflow: auto;
}
.dropdown-content a {
color: darkgrey;
padding: 12px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {background-color: #f1f1f1;}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {display: block;}
.dropdown:hover .dropbtn
{background-color: salmon; border: 2px solid white; border-radius: 5px;}
/* For mobile phones: */
[class*="col-"] {
width: 100%;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
.dropbtn {
width: 50%;
}
.dropdown-content {
width: 40%;
background-color: lightblue;
}
/* For tablets: */
.col-s-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-s-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-s-3 {width: 30%;}
.col-s-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-s-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-s-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-s-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-s-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-s-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-s-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-s-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-s-12 {width: 100%;}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
/* For desktop: */
.col-1 {width: 8.33%;}
.col-2 {width: 16.66%;}
.col-3 {width: 25%;}
.col-4 {width: 33.33%;}
.col-5 {width: 41.66%;}
.col-6 {width: 50%;}
.col-7 {width: 58.33%;}
.col-8 {width: 66.66%;}
.col-9 {width: 75%;}
.col-10 {width: 83.33%;}
.col-11 {width: 91.66%;}
.col-12 {width: 100%;}
}
.dropbtn {
width: 80%;
}
.dropdown-content {
width: 80%;
left: 31px;
}
/* ATTENTION : end */
</details>
# 答案1
**得分**: 0
你可以使用 JavaScript [Element.getBoundingClientRect()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/getBoundingClientRect) 然后使用 CSS 的 `position: absolute` 来将下拉菜单固定在它上面。
Element.getBoundingClientRect() 方法返回一个 DOMRect 对象，提供有关元素的大小和其相对于视口的位置的信息。
```javascript
let rect = my-button.getBoundingClientRect();
let x = window.innerWidth - rect.right;
my-dropdown.style.top = rect.bottom + "px";
my-dropdown.style.right = "8px";
英文:
You can use JavaScript Element.getBoundingClientRect() then use CSS position: absolute to nail the dropdown to it.
The Element.getBoundingClientRect() method returns a DOMRect object providing information about the size of an element and its position relative to the viewport.
let rect = my-button.getBoundingClientRect();
let x = window.innerWidth - rect.right;
my-dropdown.style.top = rect.bottom + "px";
my-dropdown.style.right = "8px";
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