"driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("example");

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class fgiLogin {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.setProperty("webDriver.chrome.driver",
                "C:\\Users\\examplefolder\\Documents\\examplefolder\\chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://google.com");
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        driver.findElement(By.className("gLFyf")).sendKeys("fruit");
        driver.findElement(By.name("ntnK")).click();
        driver.close();
    }
}

SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Starting ChromeDriver 110.0.5481.77 (65ed616c6e8ee3fe0ad64fe83796c020644d42af-refs/branch-heads/5481@{#839}) on port 10097
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
[1677870261.213][WARNING]: virtual void DevToolsClientImpl::AddListener(DevToolsEventListener *) subscribing a listener to the already connected DevToolsClient. Connection notification will not arrive.
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"*[name='ntnK']"}
  (Session info: chrome=110.0.5481.178)
For documentation on this error, please visit: https://selenium.dev/exceptions/#no_such_element
Build info: version: '4.8.1', revision: '8ebccac989'
System info: os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '19.0.2'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [2937306020c9aa7bccf03e80ec05305a, findElement {using=name, value=ntnK}]
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 110.0.5481.178, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 110.0.5481.77 (65ed616c6e8e..., userDataDir: C:\Users\ne1723\AppData\Loc...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:50557}, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), se:cdp: ws://localhost:50557/devtoo..., se:cdpVersion: 110.0.5481.178, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:credBlob: true, webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: 2937306020c9aa7bccf03e80ec05305a
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectConstructorHandleAccessor.newInstance(DirectConstructorHandleAccessor.java:67)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:500)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:484)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:200)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:133)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:53)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:184)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.invokeExecute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:167)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:142)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:543)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ElementLocation$ElementFinder$2.findElement(ElementLocation.java:162)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ElementLocation.findElement(ElementLocation.java:66)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:352)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:344)
	at fgiLogin.main(fgiLogin.java:20)
Process finished with exit code 1

一旦通过`get()`方法调用URL，然后立即尝试在`username`字段中调用`sendKeys()`方法，`username`字段可能尚未完全[渲染](https://stackoverflow.com/a/47237075/7429447)。
解决方案
--------
理想情况下，在`Username`字段中发送字符序列，您需要使用[WebDriverWait](https://stackoverflow.com/a/48990165/7429447)来等待[_elementToBeClickable()_](https://stackoverflow.com/a/63301869/7429447)，并且可以使用以下任一[_定位策略_](https://stackoverflow.com/a/48056120/7429447)：
- 使用_id_：
  ```java
  new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("username"))).sendKeys("jetswept");

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>
Once you invoke an url through _`get()`_ and then immediately try to invoke _`sendKeys()`_ within the _username_ field, the _username_ field may not have completely [rendered](https://stackoverflow.com/a/47237075/7429447).
----------
Solution
--------
Ideally, to send a character sequence within an _Username_ field you need to induce [WebDriverWait](https://stackoverflow.com/a/48990165/7429447) for the [_elementToBeClickable()_](https://stackoverflow.com/a/63301869/7429447) and you can use either of the following [_locator strategies_](https://stackoverflow.com/a/48056120/7429447):
- Using _id_:
	  new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id(&quot;username&quot;))).sendKeys(&quot;jetswept&quot;);
- Using _cssSelector_:
	  new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector(&quot;#username&quot;))).sendKeys(&quot;jetswept&quot;);
	
- Using _xpath_:
	  new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(&quot;//*[@id=&#39;username&#39;]&quot;))).sendKeys(&quot;jetswept&quot;);
</details>