How to detach ebpf cgroup programs without using bpftool?

I am using Cilium ebpf to attach programs to cgroups. However, in my code I didn’t detach the program correctly and now I have some cgroup programs running in the background and I am trying to look for other ways to close them.

I tried to delete everything with bpftool cgroup detach CGROUP ATTACH_TYPE PROG, and when I run bpftool cgroup tree at first, I get nothing in the tree. I then ran bpftool prog showbut still got cgroup programs running like the following:

1096: cgroup_device  tag 47dd357395126b0c  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 504B  jited 309B  memlock 4096B
1097: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1098: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1099: cgroup_device  tag b73cbcf8b8c71a5b  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 496B  jited 307B  memlock 4096B
1100: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1101: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1102: cgroup_device  tag ce28cc67158d681f  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 744B  jited 447B  memlock 4096B
1103: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1104: cgroup_skb  tag 6deef7357e7b4530  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:36:22-0500  uid 0
        xlated 64B  jited 54B  memlock 4096B
1105: cgroup_device  tag 26dcd5a87c1d07a2  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:40:36-0500  uid 0
        xlated 440B  jited 268B  memlock 4096B
1106: cgroup_device  tag ab4bc4523b7fe6b4
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:40:36-0500  uid 0
        xlated 552B  jited 353B  memlock 4096B
1107: cgroup_device  tag 26dcd5a87c1d07a2  gpl
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:40:36-0500  uid 0
        xlated 440B  jited 268B  memlock 4096B
1108: cgroup_device  tag ab4bc4523b7fe6b4
        loaded_at 2023-02-23T13:40:36-0500  uid 0
        xlated 552B  jited 353B  memlock 4096B

What's more, whenever I restart my virtual machine and type bpftool cgroup tree, my previously empty tree has content again. Here is what's shown when bpftool cgroup tree is called:

CgroupPath
ID       AttachType      AttachFlags     Name           
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/systemd-udevd.service
    1844     ingress                                        
    1843     egress                                         
    1842     device          multi                          
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/docker-c515f626ae992e61d4894704823a9fbc41ce42fbc7a8e4b26cc7ca07ba5ef1cb.scope
    1865     device          multi                          
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/systemd-journald.service
    1840     ingress                                        
    1839     egress                                         
    1838     device          multi                          
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/docker-67d06fd3514a55c180718472791e45aae102830f6d35e1c6acf073598115a5ee.scope
    1869     device          multi                          
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/systemd-logind.service
    1848     ingress                                        
    1847     egress                                         
    1846     device          multi

I tried to delete everything with bpftool cgroup detach CGROUP ATTACH_TYPE PROG again, but these programs don't seem to go away. To prevent further leakage I froze the maps and got rid of them. If I try to delete these programs using bpftool prog detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP], I get either failure to detach from map or several programs have the same handle.

For the cgroups that belong to docker containers, I can fix the issue by simply removing the docker containers. For the other cgroups, I am unsure whether there are other ways to detach these programs without needing to use bpftool.

Any advice is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!

BPF programs are loaded in the kernel and attached to hook points. If you detach them, they remain loaded in the kernel and you will therefore see them in bpftool prog show. Those shouldn't matter however because they are not attached anywhere; at most, they consume a bit of memory in the kernel.

Note that systemd installs some BPF cgroup programs. That's probably why you see some even after a reboot.