Why upload image fails using Laravel 9 CRUD?

I am creating a database for books. When I was testing CRUD without image upload(normal CRUD), it was working. But when I added book cover image file as part of data input I get error "
Argument #1 ($rules) must be of type array, Illuminate\Http\Request given, called in
". I didn't understand what caused it, is it because validation or path image folder will be stored in?

Here it is image of error.

Model/Buku.php

class Buku extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    protected $fillable = [
        'cover',
        'nama_buku',
        'author',
        'terbitan',
        'barcode',
        'ketersediaan',
    ];
}

I suspect the error is in controllers code but didn't know why normal CRUD succeed but image upload CRUD fails.

Controllers/BukuController.php

protected function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate($request, [
            'cover' => 'required|file|image|mimes:jpeg,png,jpg,gif,svg|max:2048',
        'nama_buku' => 'required',
        'author' => 'required',
        'terbitan' => 'required',
        'barcode' => 'required',
        'ketersediaan' => 'required',
        ]);
        $input = $request->all();
        if ($cover = $request->file('cover')) {
            $destinationPath = 'cover/';
            $profileImage = date('YmdHis') . "." . $cover->getClientOriginalExtension();
            $cover->move($destinationPath, $profileImage);
            $input['cover'] = "$profileImage";
        }
        Buku::create($input);

        return redirect()->route('buku.index')->with('success','Buku has been created successfully.');
    }

I don't know if the errors is actually from input so just in case here is views create blade

Views/create.blade.php

<form action="{{ route('buku.store') }}" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
            @csrf
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Cover:</strong>
                        <input type="file" name="cover" placeholder="Cover Buku"
                        class="block w-full text-sm text-gray-500 file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4 file:rounded-full file:border-0 file:text-sm file:font-semibold file:bg-blue-50 file:text-blue-700 hover:file:bg-blue-100" />
                        @error('cover')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Nama Buku:</strong>
                        <input type="text" name="nama_buku" class="form-control" placeholder="Nama Buku">
                        @error('nama_buku')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Author:</strong>
                        <input type="text" name="author" class="form-control" placeholder="Author Buku">
                        @error('author')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Terbitan:</strong>
                        <input type="text" name="terbitan" class="form-control" placeholder="Terbitan Buku">
                        @error('terbitan')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Barcode:</strong>
                        <input type="text" name="barcode" placeholder="Barcode Buku" id="scanner" />
                        @error('barcode')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <strong>Ketersediaan:</strong>
                        <input type="number" name="ketersediaan" class="form-control" placeholder="Ketersediaan Buku">
                        @error('ketersediaan')
                        <div class="alert alert-danger mt-1 mb-1">{{ $message }}</div>
                        @enderror
                    </div>
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">Submit</button>
            </div>
        </form>

I also tried image upload code when I was still using Laravel 4, still get the same error. Did anyone know how to fix this?

The error states it pretty clearly. You pass a Request object where an array is expected.

Instead of using the object directly, you should use the all() method, which creates an array with all the posted fields in your request. Or in this case, you can leave the request->all() out, because the method is already called on the request object.

$request->validate($request,...)

$request->validate($request->all(),...)

$request->validate(['cover' => ....])

#########EDIT<br>
It is also not recommended to insert all request data. You should only insert validated data.

$input = $request->all();
Buku::create($input);

You should use one of the two following approaches to only insert validated data: https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/validation#working-with-validated-input