我有以下的数据框
    import pandas as pd
    df = pd.DataFrame()
    df['number'] = (651,651,651,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,8806,8806,8806,6841,6841,6841,6841)
    df['name']=('Alex','Alex','Alex','Ankit','Ankit','Ankit','Ankit','Ankit','Ankit','Ankit','Abhishek','Abhishek','Abhishek','Blake','Blake','Blake','Blake)
    df['hours']=(8.25,7.5,7.5,7.5,14,12,15,11,6.5,14,15,15,13.5,8,8,8,8)
    df['loc']=('Nar','SCC','RSL','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNIT-C','UNI','UNI','UNI','UNKING','UNKING','UNKING','UNKING)
    print(df)
如果某个人的工时累积达到38小时，将对达到38小时的单元格进行调整，插入一行重复的数据行，并将工时余额添加到以下行。以下代码执行此操作，可以看到原始数据和调整后数据之间的差异。
    s = df.groupby('number')['hours'].cumsum()
    m = s.gt(38)
    idx = m.groupby(df['number']).idxmax()
    delta = s.groupby(df['number']).shift().rsub(38).fillna(s)
    out = df.loc[df.index.repeat((df.index.isin(idx)&m)+1)]
    out.loc[out.index.duplicated(keep='last'), 'hours'] = delta
    out.loc[out.index.duplicated(), 'hours'] -= delta
    print(out)
对于被调整的行和被插入的行，我需要通过插入另一列并添加字符（例如 'x'）来标记它们以突出显示已调整和已插入的行。
<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>
I have the following data-frame
    import pandas as pd
    df = pd.DataFrame()
    df[&#39;number&#39;] = (651,651,651,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,4267,8806,8806,8806,6841,6841,6841,6841)
    df[&#39;name&#39;]=(&#39;Alex&#39;,&#39;Alex&#39;,&#39;Alex&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Ankit&#39;,&#39;Abhishek&#39;,&#39;Abhishek&#39;,&#39;Abhishek&#39;,&#39;Blake&#39;,&#39;Blake&#39;,&#39;Blake&#39;,&#39;Blake&#39;)
    df[&#39;hours&#39;]=(8.25,7.5,7.5,7.5,14,12,15,11,6.5,14,15,15,13.5,8,8,8,8)
    df[&#39;loc&#39;]=(&#39;Nar&#39;,&#39;SCC&#39;,&#39;RSL&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNIT-C&#39;,&#39;UNI&#39;,&#39;UNI&#39;,&#39;UNI&#39;,&#39;UNKING&#39;,&#39;UNKING&#39;,&#39;UNKING&#39;,&#39;UNKING&#39;)
    print(df)
If the running balance of an individuals hours reach 38 an adjustment to the cell that reached the 38th hour is made, a duplicate row is inserted and the balance of hours is added to the following row. The following code performs this and the difference in output of original data to adjusted data can be seen.
    s = df.groupby(&#39;number&#39;)[&#39;hours&#39;].cumsum()
    m = s.gt(38)
    idx = m.groupby(df[&#39;number&#39;]).idxmax()
    delta = s.groupby(df[&#39;number&#39;]).shift().rsub(38).fillna(s)
    out = df.loc[df.index.repeat((df.index.isin(idx)&amp;m)+1)]
    out.loc[out.index.duplicated(keep=&#39;last&#39;), &#39;hours&#39;] = delta
    out.loc[out.index.duplicated(), &#39;hours&#39;] -= delta
    print(out)
For the row that got adjusted and the row that got inserted I need to tag them via inserting another column and adding a character such as an &#39;x&#39; to highlight the adjusted and inserted row
</details>
# 答案1
**得分**: 1
当你复制索引时，可以使用`out.index.duplicated`作为布尔掩码：
```python
# or out['mod'] = np.where(out.index.duplicated(keep=False), 'x', '-')
out.loc[out.index.duplicated(keep=False), 'mod'] = 'x'
print(out)
# 输出
    number      name  hours     loc  mod
0      651      Alex   8.25     Nar  NaN
1      651      Alex   7.50     SCC  NaN
2      651      Alex   7.50     RSL  NaN
3     4267     Ankit   7.50  UNIT-C  NaN
4     4267     Ankit  14.00  UNIT-C  NaN
5     4267     Ankit  12.00  UNIT-C  NaN
6     4267     Ankit   4.50  UNIT-C    x  # 索引6
6     4267     Ankit  10.50  UNIT-C    x  # 重复
7     4267     Ankit  11.00  UNIT-C  NaN
8     4267     Ankit   6.50  UNIT-C  NaN
9     4267     Ankit  14.00  UNIT-C  NaN
10    8806  Abhishek  15.00     UNI  NaN
11    8806  Abhishek  15.00     UNI  NaN
12    8806  Abhishek   8.00     UNI    x  # 索引12
12    8806  Abhishek   5.50     UNI    x  # 重复
13    6841     Blake   8.00  UNKING  NaN
14    6841     Blake   8.00  UNKING  NaN
15    6841     Blake   8.00  UNKING  NaN
16    6841     Blake   8.00  UNKING  NaN