问题

以下是您要翻译的代码部分：

我有这个逻辑，当用户被创建时，我会发送欢迎邮件给用户。

`User.rb`

```ruby
class User < ApplicationRecord
  # Callbacks
  after_create :send_registration_email

  private

  def send_registration_email
    UserConfirmationMailer.with(user: self).user_registration_email.deliver_later
  end 
end

我尝试在 user_spec.rb 中进行测试：

describe "#save" do
 subject { create :valid_user }

 context "when user is created" do
   it "receives welcome email" do
     mail = double('Mail')
     expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).with(user: subject).and_return(mail)
     expect(mail).to receive(:deliver_later)
   end
 end
end

但是它不起作用。我收到以下错误：

Failure/Error: expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).with(user: subject).and_return(mail)
     
       (UserConfirmationMailer (class)).user_registration_email({:user=>#<User id: 5, email: "factory10@test.io", created_at: "2023-02-18 01:09:34.878424000 +0000", ...878424000 +0000", jti: "2163d284-1349-4e48-8a2a-1b52b578921c", username: "jose_test10", icon_id: 5>})
           expected: 1 time with arguments: ({:user=>#<User id: 5, email: "factory10@test.io", created_at: "2023-02-18 01:09:34.878424000 +0000", ...878424000 +0000", jti: "2163d284-1349-4e48-8a2a-1b52b578921c", username: "jose_test10", icon_id: 5>})
           received: 0 times

在测试回调中发送邮件的操作时，我做错了什么吗？

附加信息：

我的 environment/test.rb 配置如下：

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => "http://localhost:3000" }

即使我按照此链接更改 config.active_job.queue_adapter 为 :test，我仍然收到相同的错误。

我尝试的另一种方法如下：

expect { FactoryBot.create(:valid_user) }.to  have_enqueued_job(ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob).with('UserConfirmationMailer', 'user_registration_email', 'deliver_now', subject)

但是 subject 和在 FactoryBot.create(:valid_user) 中创建的用户是不同的。

欢迎提供任何想法。谢谢！

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I have this logic where I send a welcome email to the user when it is created.

`User.rb`

class User < ApplicationRecord

Callbacks

after_create :send_registration_email

private

def send_registration_email
UserConfirmationMailer.with(user: self).user_registration_email.deliver_later
end
end

I tried testing it in `user_spec.rb`:

describe "#save" do
subject { create :valid_user }

context "when user is created" do
it "receives welcome email" do
mail = double('Mail')
expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).with(user: subject).and_return(mail)
expect(mail).to receive(:deliver_later)
end
end
end

But it is not working. I get this error:

Failure/Error: expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).with(user: subject).and_return(mail)

   (UserConfirmationMailer (class)).user_registration_email({:user=>#<User id: 5, email: "factory10@test.io", created_at: "2023-02-18 01:09:34.878424000 +0000", ...878424000 +0000", jti: "2163d284-1349-4e48-8a2a-1b52b578921c", username: "jose_test10", icon_id: 5>})
       expected: 1 time with arguments: ({:user=>#<User id: 5, email: "factory10@test.io", created_at: "2023-02-18 01:09:34.878424000 +0000", ...878424000 +0000", jti: "2163d284-1349-4e48-8a2a-1b52b578921c", username: "jose_test10", icon_id: 5>})
       received: 0 times

Am I doing something wrong when testing the action of sending the email in a callback?

PD.

My `environment/test.rb` config is as follows:

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => "http://localhost:3000" }

Even if I change `config.active_job.queue_adapter` to `:test` following [this][1], I get the same error.


Another way I am trying to do it is like this:

expect { FactoryBot.create(:valid_user) }.to have_enqueued_job(ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob).with('UserConfirmationMailer', 'user_registration_email', 'deliver_now', subject)

But then `subject` and the user created in `FactoryBot.create(:valid_user)` is different..

Any ideas are welcome. Thank you!


  [1]: https://dev.to/jbranchaud/test-actionmailer-deliverlater-in-rspec-controller-tests-44h7

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 2

以下是翻译的内容：

问题中的存根不起作用，因为它没有按照它们在实现中被调用的顺序存根方法链。

当您想要存根此方法链时：

UserConfirmationMailer.with(user: self).user_registration_email.deliver_later

然后您必须先存根`with`调用，然后是`user_registration_email`，最后是`deliver_later`。

```ruby
describe '#save' do
  subject(:user) { build(:valid_user) }

  let(:parameterized_mailer) { instance_double('ActionMailer::Parameterized::Mailer') }
  let(:parameterized_message) { instance_double('ActionMailer::Parameterized::MessageDelivery') }

  before do 
    allow(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:with).and_return(parameterized_mailer)
    allow(parameterized_mailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).and_return(parameterized_message)
    allow(parameterized_message).to receive(:deliver_later)
  end

  context 'when user is created' do
    it 'sends a welcome email' do
      user.save!

      expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to have_received(:with).with(user: user)
      expect(parameterized_mailer).to have_received(:user_registration_email)
      expect(parameterized_message).to have_received(:deliver_later)
    end
  end
end

注意：我不确定在这种情况下是否可以使用instance_double，因为Parameterized在内部使用method_missing。虽然通常首选instance_double，但您可能需要改用double。

UserConfirmationMailer.with(user: self).user_registration_email.deliver_later

describe '#save' do
  subject(:user) { build(:valid_user) }

  let(:parameterized_mailer) { instance_double('ActionMailer::Parameterized::Mailer') }
  let(:parameterized_message) { instance_double('ActionMailer::Parameterized::MessageDelivery') }

  before do 
    allow(UserConfirmationMailer).to receive(:with).and_return(parameterized_mailer)
    allow(parameterized_mailer).to receive(:user_registration_email).and_return(parameterized_message)
    allow(parameterized_message).to receive(:deliver_later)
  end

  context 'when user is created' do
    it 'sends a welcome email' do
      user.save!

      expect(UserConfirmationMailer).to have_received(:with).with(user: user)
      expect(parameterized_mailer).to have_received(:user_registration_email)
      expect(parameterized_message).to have_received(:deliver_later)
    end
  end
end