问题

I am trying to make a graph of a time series, but I'm having trouble achieving my desired result.
我正在尝试绘制时间序列的图表，但我无法达到我期望的结果。

I have data from a time series from May 2021 to December 2022.
我有从2021年5月到2022年12月的时间序列数据。

Original data is by day, but for my visualization, months will suffice.
原始数据是按天分的，但对于我的可视化来说，月份就足够了。

I used lubridate::floor_date() and summarized the observations.
我使用了lubridate::floor_date()函数并总结了观察结果。

The resulting data is like this:
结果数据如下：

                 n = c(30,44,58,49,52,40,31,21,29,17,25,14,20,17,10,11,7,20,5,4)) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(Date = lubridate::ymd(Date))```

[![Plot1][1]][1]

The resulting plot is alright, and I like that it omits the days by default.
结果的图表还可以，我喜欢它默认省略了日期。

However, I want the x-axis tick labels to start at 2021-05 and end at 2022-12, so I looked into `scale_x_continuous` and thought I'd play around, starting from displaying 20 ticks (one for each month in my time series) with `n.breaks = 20` and go from there.
但是，我希望x轴刻度标签从2021年5月开始，结束于2022年12月，所以我查看了`scale_x_continuous`并想尝试一下，从显示20个刻度（每个月一个）开始，使用`n.breaks = 20`。

The result somehow botched the labels, so I am out of ideas.
结果有些混乱，所以我想不出更多的办法。

[![Plot2][2]][2]

Eventually, I would like to assign custom labels using the `labels` argument inside `scale_x_continuous` to have my labels say "May 2021" or "December 2022".
最终，我想使用`scale_x_continuous`内部的`labels`参数分配自定义标签，使我的标签显示为"May 2021"或"December 2022"。

Thank you all in advance!
提前谢谢大家！

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I am trying to make a graph of a time series, but I&#39;m having trouble achieving my desired result.
I have data from a time series from May 2021 to December 2022. Original data is by day, but for my visualization, months will suffice. I used `lubridate::floor_date()` and summarised the observations. The resulting data is like this:

df <- data.frame(Date = c("2021-05-01","2021-06-01","2021-07-01","2021-08-01","2021-09-01","2021-10-01","2021-11-01","2021-12-01","2022-01-01","2022-02-01","2022-03-01","2022-04-01","2022-05-01","2022-06-01","2022-07-01","2022-08-01","2022-09-01","2022-10-01","2022-11-01","2022-12-01"),
n = c(30,44,58,49,52,40,31,21,29,17,25,14,20,17,10,11,7,20,5,4)) %>%
dplyr::mutate(Date = lubridate::ymd(Date))

ggplot2::ggplot(data=df,
aes(x=Date,
y=n)) +
geom_line()

[![Plot1][1]][1]

The resulting plot is alright, and I like that it omits the days by default. However, I want the x-axis tick labels to start at 2021-05 and end at 2022-12, so I looked into `scale_x_continuous` and thought I'd play around, starting from displaying 20 ticks (one for each month in my time series) with `n.breaks = 20` and go from there. The result somehow botched the labels, so I am out of ideas.

[![Plot2][2]][2]

Eventually, I would like to assign custom labels using the `labels` argument inside `scale_x_continuous` to have my labels say "May 2021" or "December 2022".

Thank you all in advance!


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/MZjsP.png
  [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/47qQw.png

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 1

一种选择是通过`breaks`参数设置所需的间断。在下面的代码中，我使用了每3个月的间隔来创建一个序列，但您可以根据喜好进行设置。此外，我使用`labels`参数将日期格式化为您所需的格式：

```R
library(ggplot2)

ggplot(
  data = df,
  aes(
    x = Date,
    y = n
  )
) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_continuous(
    breaks = seq.Date(as.Date("2021-05-01"), as.Date("2022-12-01"), by = "3 months"),
    labels = ~ format(.x, "%B %Y")
  )

编辑 没找到现成的解决方案。但一种选择是设置区域设置：

lct <- Sys.getlocale("LC_TIME")

lct
#> [1] "de_DE.UTF-8"

Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "fr_FR")
#> [1] "fr_FR"

ggplot(
  data = df,
  aes(
    x = Date,
    y = n
  )
) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_continuous(
    breaks = seq.Date(as.Date("2021-05-01"), as.Date("2022-12-01"), by = "3 months"),
    labels = ~ format.Date(.x, "%B %Y")
  )

然后，您可以将区域设置还原回初始值：

Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", lct)
#> [1] "de_DE.UTF-8"

请注意，上述代码中使用的是R语言，不需要进行中文翻译。

library(ggplot2)

ggplot(
  data = df,
  aes(
    x = Date,
    y = n
  )
) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_continuous(
    breaks = seq.Date(as.Date("2021-05-01"), as.Date("2022-12-01"), by = "3 month"),
    labels = ~ format(.x, "%B %Y")
  )

lct <- Sys.getlocale("LC_TIME")

lct
#> [1] "de_DE.UTF-8"

Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "fr_FR")
#> [1] "fr_FR"

ggplot(
  data = df,
  aes(
    x = Date,
    y = n
  )
) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_continuous(
    breaks = seq.Date(as.Date("2021-05-01"), as.Date("2022-12-01"), by = "3 month"),
    labels = ~ format.Date(.x, "%B %Y")
  )

Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", lct)
#> [1] "de_DE.UTF-8"