英文:
How to generate a website accessibility report?
问题
最佳检查网站的WCAG 2.1辅助功能标准的方法是什么？如果网站的辅助功能符合AA级WCAG 2.1标准，我想生成一份报告。
英文:
What is the best way to check a website's WCAG 2.1 accessibility standard? I want to generate a report if a website's accessibility is of a AA WCAG 2.1 standard.
答案1
得分: 1
生成这样的报告被称为_可访问性审计_。
对于检查的_方法_，网站可访问性一致性评估方法（WCAG-EM）1.0是相关的标准，它是WCAG 2的一部分。
它描述了如何进行审计：
- 定义评估范围
- 探索目标网站
- 选择代表性样本
- 审计所选样本
- 报告评估结果
此外，还有关于涉及用户和使用评估工具的指导，这两者对符合EM的要求是可选的。
对于大多数人来说，如果不使用工具，评估所有成功标准是不可能的。
有很多 电子表格 解决方案可以帮助进行评估，一些政府提供的电子表格是基于他们国家采用的WCAG。
Web可访问性倡议创建了他们自己的简单的 WCAG-EM报告工具，然后还有一些商业解决方案。
在我看来，以下标准很重要：
结合自动化和手动测试
只有站点性能的一小部分可以通过自动方式进行检查，因此您需要一个指导您完成手动部分的工具。
理想情况下，自动化部分应该已经包含在内并得到考虑。
避免常见组件的重新评估
现代网站，特别是Web应用程序，是基于组件构建的，组件会在每个页面上重新出现。这些组件基于完全相同的代码，将在各个页面上表现相同。比如头部、导航和页脚。
因此，基于页面的评估实际上并不太实用。
一个理想的工具™ 应该考虑到这一点，它将考虑到这些组件的存在，并且会在包含该组件的每个页面上重新使用组件的评估。
提供这些功能的工具
在可访问性工具方面，市场领先者是deque，他们的_axe_ 套件。他们提供 axe Auditor，该工具通过自动审计开始评估每个页面，然后引导审计员完成剩余的手动检查，并在最后提供综合报告。
英文:
Producing such report is called an accessibility audit.
For the way to check, the Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0 is the relevant standard, which is part of the WCAG 2.
It describes how to proceed in an audit:
- Define the Evaluation Scope
- Explore the Target Website
- Select a Representative Sample
- Audit the Selected Sample
- Report the Evaluation Findings
Further, there is guidance on involving users and using evaluation tools, both of which are optional for conformance with the EM.
For most people, it’s impossible to evaluate all success criteria without using a tool.
There a plenty of spreadsheet solutions out there that help with the evaluation, some governments providing spreadsheets based on their national adoption of the WCAG.
The Web Accessibility Initiative created their own, simple WCAG-EM Report Tool, and then there are several commercial solutions.
In my opinion, the following criteria matter:
Combine automatic and manual testing
Only a smaller part of a site’s performance can be checked automatically, so you’d need a tool that guides you through the manual parts as well.
Ideally, the automatic parts would already be covered and taken into account.
Avoid re-evaluation of common components
Modern sites, especially web applications, are constructed component-based, with components re-appearing on each page. These are based on the exact same code and will behave the same across pages. Like header, navigation and footer.
A page-based evaluation is therefore not very practical.
An ideal tool™ would take into account that these exist and re-use the component’s evaluation for each page that includes the component.
Tools that provide these features
The market leader on accessibility tools is deque with their axe suite. They offer the axe Auditor, which starts evaluation of each page with an automatic audit, and then guides the auditor through the remaining manual checks, providing a combined report at the end.
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