问题

我已经安装了Python (3.7.0)在Windows 11上使用Mediapipe (0.9.0.1)。
我已成功地让Mediapipe为图像、视频和网络摄像头流生成了关键点（用于面部和身体）。

现在，我想让Mediapipe 只绘制身体特定的关键点（即排除面部关键点）。

我了解我可以使用OpenCV（或Czone）来实现这个目标，但我希望使用Mediapipe（即使用Mediapipe库中的draw_landmarks函数）来实现我的目标。

我尝试的特定代码部分（但出现了错误）如下：

#初始化一个列表来存储检测到的关键点。
landmarks = []

#遍历Mediapipe检测到的关键点。
for landmark in results.pose_landmarks.landmark:
    
    #将Mediapipe关键点添加到列表中。
    landmarks.append((int(landmark.x * width), int(landmark.y * height),
                            (landmark.z * width)))

#为特定的关键点创建索引列表
body_landmark_indices = [11,12,13,14,15,16,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]

landmark_list_body = []

#创建一个仅包含所需关键点的列表
for index in body_landmark_indices:
    landmark_list_body.append(landmarks[index - 1])

mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
                    image=output_image,
                    landmark_list=landmark_list_body,
                    connections=mp_pose.POSE_CONNECTIONS,
                    landmark_drawing_spec=landmark_drawing_spec,
                    connection_drawing_spec=connection_drawing_spec)`

执行上述代码时，我收到错误信息`'list' object has no attribute 'pose_landmarks'`。

我已经用`landmark_list=landmark_list_body`替换了`landmark_list=landmark_list_body.pose_landmarks`，但仍然出现错误。

我现在非常疲倦并且没有更多的想法。是否有无需斗篷的英雄可以帮助？

谢谢。

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I have installed Mediapipe (0.9.0.1) using Python (3.7.0) on windows 11.
I have been able to successfully get Mediapipe to generate landmarks (for face and body); for an image, video, and webcam stream.

I would like to now get Mediapipe to **only** draw body specific landmarks (i.e. exclude facial landmarks).

I understand that I may use OpenCV (or Czone) to accomplish this goal, however, I am looking to achieve my objective using Mediapipe (i.e. using the `draw_landmarks` function in the MediaPipe library).

The specific bit of code I am trying (but with errors) is the following:

#Initialize a list to store the detected landmarks.
landmarks = []

# Iterate over the Mediapipe detected landmarks.
for landmark in results.pose_landmarks.landmark:
    
    # Append the Mediapipe landmark into the list.
    landmarks.append((int(landmark.x * width), int(landmark.y * height),
                            (landmark.z * width)))

#create index list for specific landmarks 
body_landmark_indices = [11,12,13,14,15,16,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]

landmark_list_body = []

#Create a list which only has the required landmarks
for index in body_landmark_indices:
    landmark_list_body.append(landmarks[index - 1])

mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
                    image=output_image,
                    landmark_list=landmark_list_body.pose_landmarks,
                    connections=mp_pose.POSE_CONNECTIONS,
                    landmark_drawing_spec=landmark_drawing_spec,
                    connection_drawing_spec=connection_drawing_spec)`

Executing the above I get the error `'list' object has no attribute 'pose_landmarks'



I have replaced `landmark_list=landmark_list_body.pose_landmarks,` with `landmark_list=landmark_list_body` but with errors.

I am now very tiered and out of ideas. Is there a capeless hero out there?

Thanks.

</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 5

你可以尝试以下方法：

```python
import cv2
import mediapipe as mp
import numpy as np
from mediapipe.python.solutions.pose import PoseLandmark
from mediapipe.python.solutions.drawing_utils import DrawingSpec
mp_drawing = mp.solutions.drawing_utils
mp_drawing_styles = mp.solutions.drawing_styles
mp_pose = mp.solutions.pose


custom_style = mp_drawing_styles.get_default_pose_landmarks_style()
custom_connections = list(mp_pose.POSE_CONNECTIONS)

# 要从绘图中排除的关键点列表
excluded_landmarks = [
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE, 
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE, 
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE_INNER, 
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE_INNER, 
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EAR,
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EAR,
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE_OUTER,
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE_OUTER,
    PoseLandmark.NOSE,
    PoseLandmark.MOUTH_LEFT,
    PoseLandmark.MOUTH_RIGHT ]

for landmark in excluded_landmarks:
    # 改变被排除关键点的绘制方式
    custom_style[landmark] = DrawingSpec(color=(255,255,0), thickness=None) 
    # 删除包含这些关键点的所有连接
    custom_connections = [connection_tuple for connection_tuple in custom_connections 
                            if landmark.value not in connection_tuple]


IMAGE_FILES = ["test.jpg"]
BG_COLOR = (192, 192, 192) 
with mp_pose.Pose(
    static_image_mode=True,
    model_complexity=2,
    enable_segmentation=True,
    min_detection_confidence=0.5) as pose:
    for idx, file in enumerate(IMAGE_FILES):
        image = cv2.imread(file)
        image_height, image_width, _ = image.shape
        results = pose.process(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
        annotated_image = image.copy()

        mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
            annotated_image,
            results.pose_landmarks,
            connections = custom_connections, # 传递修改后的连接列表
            landmark_drawing_spec=custom_style) # 和绘制样式 

        cv2.imshow('landmarks', annotated_image)
        cv2.waitKey(0)

它修改了DrawingSpec和POSE_CONNECTIONS来“隐藏”一部分关键点。但是，由于在Mediapipe中实现draw_landmarks()函数的方式，还需要在drawing_utils.py中添加一个条件（位于site-packages/mediapipe/python/solutions）：

if drawing_spec.thickness == None: continue

在第188行之前添加这行代码（查看MediaPipe GitHub 仓库，# White circle border）。结果应该是这样的：

...
      drawing_spec = landmark_drawing_spec[idx] if isinstance(
          landmark_drawing_spec, Mapping) else landmark_drawing_spec
      if drawing_spec.thickness == None: continue
      # White circle border
      circle_border_radius = max(drawing_spec.circle_radius + 1,
                                 int(drawing_spec.circle_radius * 1.2))
...

这个改变是为了完全消除绘制在关键点周围的白色边框，而不考虑它们的绘制规范。

希望对你有所帮助。

英文:

You can try the following approach:

import cv2
import mediapipe as mp
import numpy as np
from mediapipe.python.solutions.pose import PoseLandmark
from mediapipe.python.solutions.drawing_utils import DrawingSpec
mp_drawing = mp.solutions.drawing_utils
mp_drawing_styles = mp.solutions.drawing_styles
mp_pose = mp.solutions.pose


custom_style = mp_drawing_styles.get_default_pose_landmarks_style()
custom_connections = list(mp_pose.POSE_CONNECTIONS)

# list of landmarks to exclude from the drawing
excluded_landmarks = [
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE, 
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE, 
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE_INNER, 
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE_INNER, 
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EAR,
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EAR,
    PoseLandmark.LEFT_EYE_OUTER,
    PoseLandmark.RIGHT_EYE_OUTER,
    PoseLandmark.NOSE,
    PoseLandmark.MOUTH_LEFT,
    PoseLandmark.MOUTH_RIGHT ]

for landmark in excluded_landmarks:
    # we change the way the excluded landmarks are drawn
    custom_style[landmark] = DrawingSpec(color=(255,255,0), thickness=None) 
    # we remove all connections which contain these landmarks
    custom_connections = [connection_tuple for connection_tuple in custom_connections 
                            if landmark.value not in connection_tuple]


IMAGE_FILES = [&quot;test.jpg&quot;]
BG_COLOR = (192, 192, 192) 
with mp_pose.Pose(
    static_image_mode=True,
    model_complexity=2,
    enable_segmentation=True,
    min_detection_confidence=0.5) as pose:
    for idx, file in enumerate(IMAGE_FILES):
        image = cv2.imread(file)
        image_height, image_width, _ = image.shape
        results = pose.process(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
        annotated_image = image.copy()

        mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
            annotated_image,
            results.pose_landmarks,
            connections = custom_connections, #  passing the modified connections list
            landmark_drawing_spec=custom_style) # and drawing style 

        cv2.imshow(&#39;landmarks&#39;, annotated_image)
        cv2.waitKey(0)

It modifies the DrawingSpec and POSE_CONNECTIONS to "hide" a subset of landmarks.
However, due to the way the draw_landmarks() function is implemented in Mediapipe, it is also required to add a condition in drawing_utils.py (located in site-packages/mediapipe/python/solutions):

if drawing_spec.thickness == None: continue

Add it before Line 188 (see MediaPipe GitHub repo, # White circle border). The result should look like this:

...
      drawing_spec = landmark_drawing_spec[idx] if isinstance(
          landmark_drawing_spec, Mapping) else landmark_drawing_spec
      if drawing_spec.thickness == None: continue
      # White circle border
      circle_border_radius = max(drawing_spec.circle_radius + 1,
                                 int(drawing_spec.circle_radius * 1.2))
...

This change is required in order to completely eliminate the white border that is drawn around landmarks regardless of their drawing specification.

Hope it helps.

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