Django: 下载 Excel 时为什么此查询获取主键号而不是名称?

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英文:

Django: Why does this query get the pk numbers instead of the names when downloading an excel?

问题

以下是您要求的代码部分的中文翻译:

初学者在django这里我有以下代码用于从我的主页下载Excel文档

class ExcelDownloadAllView(TemplateView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        columns = ['项目编号', '受让人', '优先级', '状态', '标题', '摘要', '创建者']
        rows = BugTracker.objects.all().values_list('project_number', 'assignee', 'priority', 'status', 'title', 'summary', 'author')
        filename = '所有项目.xls'
        return create_sheet_response(filename, columns, rows)

def create_sheet_response(filename, columns, rows):
    response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/ms-excel')
    response['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename={filename}'

    wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    ws = wb.add_sheet('所有项目数据') # 这将创建一个名为“项目数据”的工作表

    # 工作表标题,第一行
    row_num = 0

    font_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    font_style.font.bold = True

    for col_num in range(len(columns)):
        ws.write(row_num, col_num, columns[col_num], font_style) # 在第0行第0列

    # 工作表正文,剩余行
    font_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    for row in rows:
        row_num += 1
        for col_num in range(len(row)):
            ws.write(row_num, col_num, row[col_num], font_style)

    wb.save(response)

    return response

# 模型
class Developer(models.Model):
    firstname = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="To be")
    lastname = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="Assigned")
    email = models.EmailField(blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.firstname + " " + self.lastname

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("developer_list")

class BugTracker(models.Model):
    project_number = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    assignee = models.ForeignKey(Developer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    priority = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=priority_choices)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=70)
    summary = models.TextField()
    status = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=progress, default="Open")
    author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.summary

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("bug_list")

这是您的代码的翻译部分。如果您需要更多帮助或有其他问题,请随时提问。

英文:

Beginner at django here: I have the following code for downloading an excel document from my homepage:

class ExcelDownloadAllView(TemplateView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
columns = ['Project Number', 'Assignee', 'Priority', 'Status', 'title','Summary', 'created_by']
rows = BugTracker.objects.all().values_list('project_number','assignee','priority','status', 'title', 'summary', 'author', )
filename ='All_Projects.xls'
return create_sheet_response(filename, columns, rows)
def create_sheet_response(filename, columns, rows):
response = HttpResponse(content_type='application/ms-excel')
response['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename={filename}'
wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
ws = wb.add_sheet('All Projects Data') # this will make a sheet named Projects Data
# Sheet header, first row
row_num = 0
font_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
font_style.font.bold = True
for col_num in range(len(columns)):
ws.write(row_num, col_num, columns[col_num], font_style) # at 0 row 0 column 
# Sheet body, remaining rows
font_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
for row in rows:
row_num += 1
for col_num in range(len(row)):
ws.write(row_num, col_num, row[col_num], font_style)
wb.save(response)
return response
#models
class Developer(models.Model):
firstname = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="To be")
lastname = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="Assigned")
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.firstname + " " + self.lastname
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("developer_list")
class BugTracker(models.Model):
project_number= models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
assignee=  models.ForeignKey(Developer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
priority = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=priority_choices)
title = models.CharField(max_length=70)
summary=models.TextField()
status= models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=progress, default="Open")
author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
created_at=models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
updated_at=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.summary
def get_absolute_url(self): 
return reverse("bug_list")

It creates the excel file successfully, but it downloads the foreign keys from my models using the pk/id number instead of the name associated with that pk number. So in this example, the "assignee" and "author" fields show pk numbers related to models that I have. How can I fix this?

Also, is there way to download "DateTime Fields? Whenever I try adding "created_at/updated_at" field, it gives me an error "Cannot resolve keyword 'created at' into field. Choices are..." Thank you! Help with either question is appreciated.

答案1

得分: 1

你可以使用 author__FIELDNAME,例如 author__first_nameauthor__email,而不是使用 author。

对于日期时间字段,我需要更多细节。通常最好使用 marshmallow、pydantic 或 Drf 序列化程序来完成此类操作,这样您可以自定义所需的输出。然后,您将查询集传递给序列化程序,您将获得序列化数据作为字典列表返回。

英文:

Instead of author you can use author__FIELDNAME eg author__first_name or author__email

For datetime fields i need more details, generally, doing such things is better using a proper serialization with marshmallow, pydantic or Drf serializers so that you will able to customize the desired output. Then you pass the queryset to the serializer and you get back the serialized data as list of dicts.

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  • 本文由 发表于 2023年2月6日 04:44:44
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