Dim TBL As ListObject
Set TBL = Sheets("sheet1").ListObjects("Table1")
Dim DirArray As Variant
DirArray = TBL.DataBodyRange

Option Explicit
Public Function findEntryByCol1andCol3(dataToSearch As Range, findCol1, findCol3) As Variant
    '// variable to hold the row with the closest match to criteria
    Dim matchRow As Range
    Set matchRow = Nothing
    
    '// variable to hold the row being checked
    Dim checkRow As Range
    
    Dim ix As Long
    For ix = 1 To dataToSearch.Rows.Count
        '// get the next row to be checked
        Set checkRow = dataToSearch.Rows(ix)
                
        '// does column 1 in this row match the search criterion for column 1?
        If checkRow.Cells(1, 1).Value = findCol1 Then
            
            '// now see if the date in the row is less than the search date
            If findCol3 >= checkRow.Cells(1, 3).Value Then
                
                '// If there has been no match then use this checked row as the first found match
                If matchRow Is Nothing Then
                    Set matchRow = checkRow
                    
                '// If there has been a previous match check
                '// if the new date is later that the previously found date
                ElseIf matchRow.Cells(1, 3).Value < checkRow.Cells(1, 3).Value Then
                    
                    Set matchRow = checkRow
                    
                End If
            End If
        Else
        
        End If
        
    Next ix
    
    '// Now return the result of the search
    If matchRow Is Nothing Then
        findEntryByCol1andCol3 = "Not found"
    Else
        findEntryByCol1andCol3 = matchRow.Cells(1, 3)
    End If
    
    
End Function

Public Function nearestDate(lo As ListObject, valueColumn1 As String, valueColumn3 As Date) As Date
Dim arrValues As Variant
arrValues = Application.WorksheetFunction.SortBy(lo.DataBodyRange, lo.ListColumns(1).DataBodyRange, 1, lo.ListColumns(3).DataBodyRange, 1)
Dim i As Long
For i = 1 To UBound(arrValues, 1)
    If arrValues(i, 1) = valueColumn1 Then
        If arrValues(i, 3) = valueColumn3 Then
            'we found what we are looking for
            nearestDate = arrValues(i, 3)
        ElseIf arrValues(i, 3) < valueColumn3 Then
            'we have to check next row - if there is one
            If i < UBound(arrValues, 1) Then
                If arrValues(i + 1, 1) = valueColumn1 And arrValues(i + 1, 3) > valueColumn3 Then
                    'same column1 but column3 greater than valueColumn3
                    nearestDate = arrValues(i, 3)
                ElseIf arrValues(i + 1, 1) <> valueColumn1 Then
                    'new column1 value --> therefore we take current date
                    nearestDate = arrValues(i, 3)
                End If
            Else
                'last value --> ok
                nearestDate = arrValues(i, 3)
            End If
        End If
    End If
    
    If nearestDate > 0 Then Exit For
Next
End Function

Public Sub test()
Dim ws As Worksheet: Set ws = Thisworkbook.Worksheets("sheet1")
Dim lo As ListObject: Set lo = ws.ListObjects("Table1")
Dim valueColumn1 As String: valueColumn1 = ws.Range("F1")
Dim valueColumn3 As Date: valueColumn3 = ws.Range("F2")
Debug.Print nearestDate(lo, valueColumn1, valueColumn3)
End Sub
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