英文:
Array of inherited structs in Go Lang
问题
最近我开始用Go语言构建一个国际象棋游戏，我遇到的一个问题是如何将不同的角色（如：兵、马、王）存储在同一个数组中。
在上面的代码中，我们可以将马和王放在同一个数组中吗？因为它们都是从同一个基类继承而来。
像这样：
characters := []character{Knight{}, King{}}
英文:
Recently I have started building a chess game in GoLang and one issue I'm facing is storing different characters (i.e. Pawn, Knight, King) in a single array.
package main
import "fmt"
type character struct {
currPosition [2]int
}
type Knight struct {
c character
}
func (K Knight) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving Kinght...")
}
type King struct {
c character
}
func (K King) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving King...")
}
In the above case, can we have Knight and King in the same array since they are inherited from the same base class?
Like
characters := []character{Knight{}, King{}}
答案1
得分: 2
Go语言没有类和继承。Go语言不支持编译时多态性（因为不支持方法重载）。它只有运行时多态性。
但是它有一个叫做组合的概念。使用结构体来形成其他对象。
你可以在这里阅读为什么Golang没有像其他编程语言中的面向对象编程概念那样的继承：https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inheritance-in-golang/
或者
你可以使用单个结构体来表示所有的国际象棋棋子，并为它们的相应属性赋予不同的值。
// Piece表示一个国际象棋棋子
type Piece struct {
Name string
Color string
PosX int
PosY int
Moves int
Points int
}
type Board struct {
Squares [8][8]*Piece
}
func (b *Board) MovePiece(p *Piece, x, y int){
// 移动棋子的逻辑
}
...
// 在构建棋盘时为Piece结构体创建对象。
king := &Piece{Name: "King", Color: "White", Points: 10}
或者
如果你想要单独实现国际象棋棋子，你必须使用接口。
英文:
Go doesn't have classes and inheritance. Compile-time polymorphism is not possible in Go (since method overloading is not supported). It only has Runtime Polymorphism.
But it has a concept called composition. Where the struct is used to form other objects.
You can read here why Golang doesn't have inheritance like OOP concepts in other programming languages. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inheritance-in-golang/
OR
Instead of implementing chess pieces separately, you can have single struct for all of them with different values of respective attributes.
// Piece represents a chess piece
type Piece struct {
Name string
Color string
PosX int
PosY int
Moves int
Points int
}
type Board struct {
Squares [8][8]*Piece
}
func (b *Board) MovePiece(p *Piece, x, y int){
// Your logic to move a chess piece.
}
...
// and make objects for Piece struct as you build the board.
king := &Piece{Name: "King", Color: "White", Points: 10}
OR
You must use interface if you want to implement chess pieces separately.
答案2
得分: 2
type character interface {
Move()
Pos() [2]int
}
type Knight struct {
pos [2]int
}
func (k *Knight) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving Knight...")
}
func (k *Knight) Pos() [2]int { return k.pos }
type King struct {
pos [2]int
}
func (k *King) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving King...")
}
func (k *King) Pos() [2]int { return k.pos }
使用这些更改，以下语句可以编译通过：
characters := []character{&Knight{}, &King{}}
此外，你可能希望在这个示例中使用指针接收器。
英文:
Use basic interfaces for polymorphism.
type character interface {
Move()
Pos() [2]int
}
type Knight struct {
pos [2]int
}
func (K *Knight) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving Kinght...")
}
func (k *Knight) Pos() [2]int { return k.pos }
type King struct {
pos [2]int
}
func (k *King) Move() {
fmt.Println("Moving King...")
}
func (k *King) Pos() [2]int { return k.pos }
The following statement compiles with this changes:
characters := []character{&Knight{}, &King{}}
Also, you probably want pointer receivers as in this example.
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