英文:
Accessing specific field of a generic struct passed to a variadic function
问题
假设我有一个名为foo的通用结构体:
type foo[T any] struct {
	data T
}
我有一个可变参数函数,我想要将一些foo传递给它。它们可以是任何类型的foo。我的理解是,因为foo[int]和foo[string]是不同的,所以我需要将省略号定义为any类型,如下所示:
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v)
	}
}
这确实可以工作。
func main() {
	a := foo[string]{"cheese"}
	b := foo[int]{42}
	bar(a, b)
}
我的问题是,我想要特别访问每个foo中的data字段。但是如果我像这样定义bar函数:
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v.data)
	}
}
编译器会不可避免地感到不满,因为things可以是任何类型,因此不能保证它们具有data字段。
我知道将始终传递foo,因此我知道将有一个名为data的字段,但是我无法指定我只会传递foo,像这样:
func bar(things ...foo) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v.data)
	}
}
因为foo的类型没有指定。
如何将未指定数量的foo传递给bar函数,然后访问data字段呢?
英文:
Say I have a generic struct called foo:
type foo[T any] struct {
	data T
}
I have a variadic function that I want to pass some foos to. They could be any type of foo. My understanding is that because a foo[int] is different to a foo[string], I need to define my ellipsis as type any, like so:
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v)
	}
}
And this indeed works.
func main() {
	a := foo[string]{"cheese"}
	b := foo[int]{42}
	bar(a, b)
}
My problem is that I want to specifically access the data field in each foo. But if I define bar like this,
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v.data)
	}
}
the compiler gets understandably upset, since things could be anything and, therefore, there is no guarantee they have the field data.
I know there will be a field called data since I'm always passing foos, but I can't specify that I'll only pass foos, like this,
func bar(things ...foo) {
	for _, v := range things {
		fmt.Println(v.data)
	}
}
because the type of foo isn't specified.
How can I pass an unspecified number of foos to bar and then access the data field?
答案1
得分: 1
一种解决方案似乎是使用反射并使用FieldByName访问字段:
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		x := reflect.ValueOf(v)
		fmt.Println(x.FieldByName("data"))
	}
}
不过,我不确定这是否会被认为是一个笨拙的解决方案,或者出于某种原因而具有危险性。可能需要在其中进行一些检查,以确保things中的每个元素实际上都是某种类型的foo,否则可能会尝试访问不存在的字段。
英文:
One solution seems to be to use reflection and to access the field using FieldByName:
func bar(things ...any) {
	for _, v := range things {
		x := reflect.ValueOf(v)
		fmt.Println(x.FieldByName("data"))
	}
}
It's not clear to me though if this would be considered a cludge and/or dangerous for some reason or other. Presumably, I'd need some checking in there to ensure that everything in things is actually a foo of some variety or I could be trying to access a field that doesn't exist.
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