Golang在将int转换为float32时丢失精度。

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英文:

Golang losing precision while converting int to float32

问题

有人可以解释一下为什么下面的转换会失去精度吗?

func main() {
	var a int32 = 1273478460 

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Printf("%f \n", float64(a)) // 1273478460.000000,这是正确的数字
	fmt.Printf("%f \n", float32(a)) // 1273478400.000000,这是错误的数字
}
英文:

Can anyone explain why the following conversion loses precision?

func main() {
	var a int32 = 1273478460 

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Printf("%f \n", float64(a)) // 1273478460.000000, this is right number
	fmt.Printf("%f \n", float32(a)) // 1273478400.000000, this is wrong number
}

答案1

得分: 0

浮点数在精度和范围之间进行了权衡。IEEE-754单精度(32位)浮点数占用1个完整的32位字(自然而然)。它具有:

  • 1个符号位,
  • 8位指数,
  • 23位尾数

在单精度浮点数中,可以安全表示的最大整数(由于尾数的表示方式,提供了一个额外的隐含位精度)是2的24次方(十进制为16,777,216);可以安全表示的最小整数是-(2的24次方)(十进制为-16,777,216)。这给出了33,554,433个整数的范围。

对于双精度浮点数(1个符号位,11位指数,52位尾数),情况类似:

  • 最小安全整数是-(2的53次方)(十进制为9,007,199,254,740,992)
  • 最大安全整数是2的53次方(十进制为9,007,199,254,740,992)

另请参阅《每个计算机科学家都应该了解的浮点运算知识》(What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic)。发表于《ACM Computing Surveys》,第23卷,第1期,1991年3月。这是必读的资料。

英文:

Floating point trades precision for range. An IEEE-754 single precision (32-bit) float occupies 1 full 32-bit word (naturally). It has

  • 1 sign bit,
  • 8-bit exponent,
  • 23-bit mantissa

The largest integer than can be safely represented in a single precision float (due to the way the mantissa is represented, giving an implicit extra bit of precision) is 2<sup>24</sup> (decimal 16,777,216); the smallest integer that can be safely represented is - (2<sup>24</sup>) (decimal -16,777,216). That gives a range of 33,554,433 integers.

For double precision floats (1 sign bit, 11-bit exponent, 52-bit mantissa) it's similar:

  • min safe integer is - (2<sup>53)</sup> (decimal 9,007,199,254,740,992)
  • max safe integer is 2<sup>53</sup> (decimal 9,007,199,254,740,992)

See also What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic. Published in ACM Computing Surveys, Vol 23, Number 1, March 1991. Essential reading.

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  • 本文由 发表于 2022年8月25日 02:46:04
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