英文:
Python hashing password with pbkdf2
问题
以下是GoLang代码的翻译：
我有一个在GoLang上实现的代码片段，它运行良好。
package main
import (
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/crypto/pbkdf2"
)
func main() {
newPasswd := pbkdf2.Key([]byte("test"), []byte("Gare5vgHIo"), 10000, 50, sha256.New)
fmt.Println(hex.EncodeToString(newPasswd), nil)
}
我正在尝试在Python上做同样的事情。
def main():
password = b'test'
salt = b'Gare5vgHIo'
iterations = 1000
key = pbkdf2_hmac("sha256", password, salt, iterations, 50)
print(key)
print(key.decode())
但是 key.decode() 方法抛出了一个错误：
UnicodeDecodeError('utf-8', b'\xd9\xb2;\x0f$\x9a\x9c\t\x91\x16\x81\xb8a\x00\xd8\xdd{e.\xa9\x7f\xe9\x92dH\xa6\x05\x16\xd8\xbb\xfdy\x13\xc5D\x1c\xa2\x93e\xbf{\\\x19\xc1\x8df\xf4\xbft\xe2', 5, 6, 'invalid start byte')
对于Python代码，我做错了什么？
英文:
I have the snippet of code implemented on GoLang that works fine
package main
import (
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/crypto/pbkdf2"
)
func main() {
newPasswd := pbkdf2.Key([]byte("test"), []byte("Gare5vgHIo"), 10000, 50, sha256.New)
fmt.Println(hex.EncodeToString(newPasswd), nil)
}
I am trying to do the same on Python
def main():
password = b'test'
salt = b'Gare5vgHIo'
iterations = 1000
key = pbkdf2_hmac("sha256", password, salt, iterations, 50)
print(key)
print(key.decode())
But key.decode() method throws an error:
UnicodeDecodeError('utf-8', b'\xd9\xb2;\x0f$\x9a\x9c\t\x91\x16\x81\xb8a\x00\xd8\xdd{e.\xa9\x7f\xe9\x92dH\xa6\x05\x16\xd8\xbb\xfdy\x13\xc5D\x1c\xa2\x93e\xbf{\\\x19\xc1\x8df\xf4\xbft\xe2', 5, 6, 'invalid start byte')
What am I doing wrong for the Python code?
答案1
得分: 3
.decode()试图通过将字节解释为UTF-8编码的数据来将其从bytes转换为str（您可以传递一个参数来使用不同的编解码器，但它基本上是用于将编码的文本数据转换回str，而随机的原始字节不是文本的编码表示）。UTF-8是一种自检编码；随机字节很少通过自检。
如果您想将字节显示为十六进制字符串，请使用：
print(key.hex())
其中bytes.hex是一个bytes方法，直接将其转换为长度为两倍的str，每个字节表示为两个十六进制字符。
在非常旧的（3.5之前）Python版本中，bytes没有.hex()方法，所以您需要导入 binascii模块并执行：
print(binascii.hexlify(key))
但在当前支持的任何Python版本上都不需要这样做。
英文:
.decode() is trying to convert from bytes to str by interpreting the bytes as UTF-8 encoded data (you can pass it an argument to use a different codec, but it's fundamentally intended for converting encoded representations of text data back to str, and random raw bytes are not an encoded representation of text). UTF-8 is a self-checking encoding; random bytes rarely pass the self-checks.
If you want to display the bytes as a hexadecimal string, use:
print(key.hex())
where bytes.hex is a bytes method that converts directly to a str of twice the length, representing each byte as two hexadecimal characters.
On very old (pre-3.5) version of Python, bytes does not have a .hex() method, so you'd import the binascii module and do:
print(binascii.hexlify(key))
but that's not necessary on any currently supported version of Python.
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